Review of Memory Hierarchy - Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach - page 571

FIGURE B.8 Total miss rate for each size cache and percentage of each according to
the three C's . Compulsory misses are independent of cache size, while capacity misses de-
crease as capacity increases, and conflict misses decrease as associativity increases. Figure
B.9 shows the same information graphically. Note that a direct-mapped cache of size N has
about the same miss rate as a two-way set-associative cache of size N/2 up through 128 K.
Caches larger than 128 KB do not prove that rule. Note that the Capacity column is also the
fully associative miss rate. Data were collected as in Figure B.4 using LRU replacement.