Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
temperature or melting point.
152
PDMS chains have also been threaded
through cyclodextrins, to form
pseudo
-rotaxanes.
313
By choosing the appropriate chemical structures chains that span filler
particles in a PDMS-based composite can be designed so that they are du-
rable, irreversibly breakable, or breakable reversibly.
287,
288,
314,
315
There has been some interest in generating silica-like particles using
templates, as occurs naturally in biosilicification processes.
108,
316-325
Various particle shapes have been obtained. Platelet forms are of par-
ticular interest with regard to their ability to reinforce and decrease
permeability.
There are a variety of miscellaneous fillers that are of interest for reinforc-
ing elastomers such as PDMS. Examples are lignocellulose,
326
ground-up
silica xerogels,
327
carbon-coated silica,
328
nickel-coated graphite,
329
and
functionalized silica particles.
330-332
Even cross-linked PDMS particles
(“silicone powders”) have been used,
333-335
as well as functionalized poly-
siloxane nanospheres.
336
Polystyrene/PDMS core-shell particles have
been used for the modification of mechanical properties.
337
Trimethylsi-
loxy silicates
338
and glass fibers339
339
have also been used for this purpose. In
some cases, nanoparticles have been generated by phase separation, for
example, in PDMS containing epoxy resins and poly(methyl dmethacry-
late),
340
and polyamides or polyamideimides.
341
Additional novel particles, including nylon 66,
342
alumina,
343
gold,
344
garnet,
345
diamond,
346
graphite,
347
polyaniline,
348
and boron nitride
nanosheets,
349
and nanoparticles of low molecular weight borate esters,
have been introduced to increase ionic conductivities.
350
Boron-doped
PDMS has been used as scintillators for thermal neutron detection.
351
Nanowires of ZnO have been inserted into PDMS to give tunable, flexible
antireflection layers,
352
and ZnO has also been introduced into such
polymers as quantum dots.
353,
354
Similarly, color-tunable luminescent
