Image Processing Reference
In-Depth Information
14
Digital Camera Identification
Based on Original Images
Dmitry Rublev, Vladimir Fedorov and Oleg Makarevich
Technological Institute of Southern Federal University
Russia
1. Introduction
The development of instruments for copyright protection and pirated copies detection
requires new methods of intellectual property protection. Specific of execution of that
analysis considerably depends on media type — whether it material or energy and
recording device (analog or digital).
1.1 Identification task
To analyse the capability of identification due to direct dependence of ID-procedure on
media nature it is feasible to select two groups of media: material (physical bodies) and
energetical (physical fields: electric currents, sound fields, etc). The common property of any
field is wavelike pattern so it can be named wave media type. Electric current both the
power carrier and an media. On the material media the information if fixed by changing
physical properties according to character alphabet. Information transfer by material media
is done by transfer of changed matter. Information fixation by wavelike media is done by
environmental changes. Information transfer by wavelike media is performed by energy
transfer. According to abovementioned, the analog recording device identification (for
example microcassette dictophone) is done by traces leaved on by material media by on-off
impulses, transients, inactivity noises, noise of clear media (magnetic tape), high-frequency
current for magnetic bias, speed parameters of deck. For analog cameras that type of
parameters includes frame margin, film-feeding and optical system specific features. For
printers this type of parameters includes features of methods and alogorithms of rasterizing
amd printing methods implementation.
Devices which uses energy media are also identifiable, for example radio transmitting
devices are identified by transients of modulated signal.
1.2 Digital recording identification features
Easy bit-to-bit copying process of digital information and inapplicability of traditional
“original vs copy” division both with non availability of automated procedures of digital
sourcing had led to wide distribution of counterfeit production. Identification based on
format features, metadata fields, etc is unreliable because of its removal and forgery
simplicity. Use of digital watermarks for content protection is not always possible due to
computational complexity of embedding procedure.
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