Notes - Life Out of Sequence - page 221

puter Programs for DNA and Protein Sequence Management, Analysis and
Homology Determination,” 643.
67. Interview with Jim Ostell, April 7, 2008, Bethesda, Maryland.
68. See Pustell and Kafatos, “A Convenient and Adaptable Microcomputer
Environment for DNA and Protein Sequence Manipulation and Analysis.”
69. Wong et al., “Coding and Potential Regulatory Sequences”; Baumlein
et al., “The Legumin Gene Family.”
70. Ostell, “Evolution,” chapter 4, 23.
71. The story of Ostell's work at the NCBI is continued, in the context of
database design, in chapter 5.
72. Ostell, “Evolution,” chapter 11, 4-5.
73. Ostell, “Evolution,” chapter 11, 58.
74. Ostell, “Evolution,” introduction and thesis summary, 15.
75. For Hogeweg's usage, see Hogeweg, “Simulating.”
76. Searching in PubMed for “bioinformatics” automatically includes
searches for “computational biology” and “computational” AND “biology.”
77. Hunter, “Artifi cial Intelligence and Molecular Biology.”
78. Hunter, quoted in International Society for Computational Biology,
“History of ISCB.”
79. This conference is usually taken by bioinformaticians and compu-
tational biologists to be the fi rst in the fi eld. The annual ISMB conferences
are still the most widely attended and most widely respected conferences in
bioinformatics.
80. Stephan and Black, “Hiring Patterns,” 6-7.
81. Bolt, Beranek, and Newman, “BBN Progress Report,” 2 [GenBank
papers].
82. Beynon, “CABIOS Editorial.”
83. Vilain, e-mail to Feigenbaum [EAF papers].
84. Olsen, “A Time to Sequence,” 395.
85. For instance, see Aldhous, “Managing the Genome Data Deluge”;
Roos, “Bioinformatics.”
86. The independence of the HGP from GenBank and the NCBI is also evi-
denced by the fact that it set up its own sequence database, the Genome Data-
base. This database was based at Johns Hopkins University and funded by the
Howard Hughes Medical Institute. See Cook-Deegan, Gene Wars , 290-291.
87. US Congress, House of Representatives, “To establish the National
Center for Biotechnology Information.” For a fuller description of the legisla-
tive history of the NCBI, see Smith, “Laws, Leaders, and Legends.”
88. “The European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI),” 2-4. [GC papers]
89. Davison et al., “Whither Computational Biology,” 1.
90. An earlier contender for this honor is Lesk, Computational Molecu-
lar Biology . It is perhaps the fi rst signifi cant attempt to generate a synoptic
overview of the fi eld, but it remains a collection of papers rather than a true
textbook. A number of other textbooks arrived in the next three years: Baldi
and Brunak, Bioinformatics ; Bishop and Rawlings, DNA and Protein Se-
quence ; Durbin et al., Biological Sequence Analysis ; Gusfi eld, Algorithms on