Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 8.1
Brachytherapy.Treatment.Sites
PhysicalSite
Men
Women
Brain,.Eye,.Tongue,.Oropharynx
Yes
Yes
Trachea,.Bronchi,.Lung
Yes
Yes
Oesophagus,.Bile.Ducts,.Anus,.Rectum
Yes
Yes
Bladder,.Urethra
Yes
Yes
Skin
Yes
Yes
Prostate,.Penis
Yes
No
Breast
No
Yes
Uterus,.Cervix,.Vagina,.Vulva
No
Yes
TABLE 8.2
Radioisotopes.Used.in.Brachytherapy
Radioisotope
Radiation
Energy(MeV)
Cesium-137
Gamma.ray
0.662
Cobalt-60
Gamma.ray
1.17,.1.33
Iridium-192
Gamma.ray
0.38
Iodine-125
X-ray
0.0274,.0.0314,.0.0355
Palladium-103
X-ray
0.021
Ruthenium-106
Beta.particles
3.54
breast.cancer.to.treat.residual.disease.after.surgery..The.primary.objective.of.
this.work.was.to.characterize,.through.dosimetric.and.radiobiological.mod-
eling,. a. novel. focal. brachytherapy. technique. that. uses. direct. intracavitary.
infusion. of. β-emitting. radionuclides. (
186
Re/
188
Re). carried. by. lipid. nanopar-
ticles.(liposomes)..The.porphyrins.in.targeted.molecular.brachytherapy.have.
been.investigated.by.Yao.(2008)..In.a.new.therapy.that.aims.to.concentrate.and.
immobilize.therapeutic.radionuclides.in.nanoscale.assemblies.within.solid.
tumors,. a. soluble. precipitable. reagent. (SPR). is. administered. as. the. radio-
nuclide.carrier. and.is. converted. to.nondiffusible. precipitate. by.an.enzyme.
located.in.tumor.tissues..In.addition,.the.uncertainties.in.measuring.or.esti-
mating.brachytherapy.dose.distributions.are.addressed.using.Monte.Carlo.
methods.with.discussion.of.the.components.intrinsic.to.the.overall.dosimet-
ric.assessment.(DeWerd.et.al..2011)..The.report.addresses.uncertainties.per-
taining.to.brachytherapy.source.dosimetry..The.International.Organization.
for.Standardization.(ISO).
Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
.
(GUM). and. the. National. Institute. of. Standards. and. Technology. (NIST).
Technical.Note.1297.are.used.as.reference.standards.for.uncertainty.formal-
ism.(DeWerd.et.al..2011).
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