Nanoscopic Nuclear Waste Treatment Using Ion Beam Injection in a Drum-Type Container - Atomic Nanoscale Technology in the Nuclear Industry - page 14

High-level.waste.of.nuclear.spent.fuels.should.be.especially.considered.for.
realistic.treatment..Nanoscopic.manipulation.shows.the.deterministic.analy-
sis. in. the. radiation-material. interaction. compared. to. the. numerical. study.
where.the.radioactive.diffusion.was.emphasized..G..F..Thomas.studied.the.
diffusion.from.a.inite.cylindrical.waste.form.where.the.usefulness.of.dis-
posal. was. emphasized. (Thomas. 1987).. In. this. work,. there. were. no. small-
scale. investigations. of. waste. particle. behaviors.. G.. D.. Sizgek. reported. an.
investigation.of.a.thermal.model.in.which.the.analyses.were.performed.for.
an. in-loor . type. HLW. repository. in. granitic. rock.. The. results. showed. that.
decreasing.the.spacing.between.the.canisters.had.a.more.pronounced.effect.
on. the. temperature. ield. than. decreasing. the. spacing. between. the. tunnels.
(Sizgek. 2005).. In. addition,. J.. Andersson. showed. that. the. performance. of. a.
deep. repository. for. nuclear. waste. relies. heavily. on. its. potential. to. retain.
radio.nuclides. at. the. source. (Andersson. et. al.. 1998).. Although. there. was. a.
geological. viewpoint. study,. it. was. dificult. to. determine. the. small-scale.
movement.of.the.scenarios.
Therefore,. in. this. paper,. irradiation-induced. nuclear. waste. material. is.
studied. in. the. nanoscale.. The. material. science. and. geological. aspects. are.
considered.for.the.materials.of.interest,.which.are.used.for.the.nuclear.waste.
forms..The.HLW.has.been.treated.as.a.long-term.coninement.process.in.the.
nuclear. waste. repository,. because. reprocessing. of. nuclear. waste. has. been.
prohibited.in.many.countries..Even.the.United.States.needs.a.strong,.long-
term.method.of.treating.HLW.so.that.the.environment.can.be.protected.from.
hazardous.materials..The.Yucca.Mountain.project.could.provide.this.kind.of.
protection.if.the.reliability.of.the.HLW.treatment.is.increased.by.enhanced.
storage.technology..Construction.of.this.project.has.been.blocked.due.to.sev-
eral.legal.disputes.
Section.2.2.explains.the.method.of.the.study..The.results.of.the.simulation.
are.shown.in.Section.2.3,.and.Section.2.4.describes.the.study.conclusions.
2.2 Method
In. radioactive. waste. management,. geological. investigation. of. potential.
nuclear. waste. sites. must. be. studied. realistically.. There. are. several. issues.
involved.in.the.nuclear.repository..One.of.most.critical.matters.is.that.nuclear.
waste. storage. must. be. guaranteed. to. be. absolutely . reliable. for. a. very. long.
time..A.given.site.must.be.conirmed.to.provide.at.least.1,000.years.of.safe.
storage..The.wastes.are.ixed.in.a.glass.matrix.or.synthetic.rock.(Lindblom.
and. Gnirk. 1982).. In. HLW,. the. immobilization. requires. the. formation. of. an.
insoluble,. solid. waste. form. that. will. remain. stable. for. many. thousands. of.
years..Generally,.borosilicate.glass.has.been.chosen.as.the.medium.for.deal-
ing.with.HLW..The.stability.of.ancient.glass.for.thousands.of.years.highlights.