Investigation of Safeguards Management for Operation Security of Nanoscale Nuclear Material in Nuclear Power Plants Using Game Theory - Atomic Nanoscale Technology in the Nuclear Industry - page 131

New Fuel Storage
Activity

New Fuel Pathway
Activity

Core Refueling
Activity

Spent Fuel Pathway
Activity

Safeguard
Monitoring
Directions

Spent Fuel Storage
Activity

FIGURE 11.3
Elements. of. safeguard. monitoring.. Dotted. line:. spent. fuel;. solid. line:. low-enrichment. fuel..
Adapted.from.IAEA.(International.Atomic.Energy.Agency)..1981.. IAEA safeguards: An introduc-
tion ,.IAEA.Safeguards.Information.Series.No..3..Vienna:.IAEA.

11.2.2 Power Uprates Factor (PUF)

Table 11.1.shows.the.number.of.power.uprate.approvals.in.the.United.States.
(U.S.. NRC. 2008).. Table 11.2. shows. some. selected. the. power. uprates. in. the.
United.States.from.1977.to.2011.along.with.the.year.in.which.the.approval.
was. granted. (U.S.. NRC. 2008).. Table 11.3. shows. the. expectations. for. power.
uprates. approvals. in. the. United. States. as. of. 2008. (U.S.. NRC. 2008).. The.
dynamic. preparation. of. the. event. scenarios. is. characterized. by. linear. con-
nections.. The. power. uprates. factor. (PUF). is. used. for. the. quantiication. of.
each.NPP.(PUF.is.seen.in.Table 11.6)..This.is.based.on.the.relative.values.of.
the.uprate.percent.power..The.random.numbers.are.generated.by.the.Vensim.
code.system..Vensim.is.used.for.developing,.analyzing,.and.packaging.high-
quality.dynamic.models.(Vensim.2009)..Models.are.constructed.graphically.
or.in.a.text.editor..Features.include.dynamic.functions,.subscripting.(arrays),.
Monte. Carlo. sensitivity. analysis,. optimization,. data. handling,. application.
interfaces,.and.more.(Vensim.2009).
There. are. two. kinds. of. random. numbers—the. (a). mean. =. 0.5,. standard.
deviation. =. 1. σ. and. (b). mean. =. 0.5,. standard. deviation. =. 2. σ.. The. random.
numbers.are.uniformly.distributed..The.secure.distribution.has.a.narrower.
shape.than.the.nonsecure.distribution,.which.means.that. nonsecure .is.a.much.
more. uncertain. situation. than. the. larger. standard. deviation.. Figure 11.5.
shows.the.random.number.generator,.which.selects.random.numbers.as.0.0.