Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
combination.weighting.(Wang.et.al..2008)..This.optimal.weighting.method.
takes.into.account.both.the.subjectivity.of.the.decision.maker.and.the.objec-
tivity. of. numerical. data. to. obtain. a. comprehensive. assessment. result.. Suh.
and.Han.studied.a.method.that.adds.the.irst.stage,.organizational.investiga-
tion,.to.traditional.risk.analysis.(Suh.and.Han.2003)..The.process.utilizes.var-
ious. methodologies. such. as. paired. comparison,. asset-function. assignment.
tables,.and.asset-dependency.diagrams.
In.another.modeling,.the.Cobb-Douglas.function.is.modiied.to.take.into.
account.quality.of.life.in.the.simulation..This.is.a.kind.of.production.func-
tion.where.the.nuclear.refueling.period.is.emphasized.with.respect.to.power.
production. losses.. This. was. done. using. game. theory. in. security. in. which.
stochastic.modeling. is.applied. to.the.reward.and.cost.concept.instead.of.a.
production.function.(Sallhammar.et.al..2006)..Other.applications.are.related.
to.extending.life.after.radiation.exposure.(Thomas.and.Jones.2009;.Jones.et.
al..2006)..The.modeling.is.discussed.in.Section.10.2..Section.10.3.presents.the.
results,.and.conclusions.are.covered.in.Section.10.4.
10.2 Modeling
Nuclear.material.is.the.focus.of.secure.processing.in.NPPs..Safeguards.were.
applied.to.all.nuclear.materials.in.all.nations.that.had.not.acquired.nuclear.
weapons.and.to.keep.rigorous.records.of.such.material..A.general.conigura-
tion.of.safeguards.was.shown.by.the.lows.of.nuclear.fuels.in.NPPs.(IAEA.
1980,.1981)..The.literature.shows.that.safeguard.monitoring.events.are.ana-
lyzed.with.respect.to.low.enrichment.and.spent.fuels,.which.are.shown.in.
the.report.of.IAEA.(IAEA.1980)..Another.critical.report.of.the.IAEA.concerns.
the.strategy.modeling.of.diversion.of.materials.to.a.different.storage.venue.
(IAEA. 1999),. which. is. shown. in. Figure 10.1.. The. report. shows. the. conceal-
ments.of.dummy.substitutions.which.are.connected.to.safeguard.measures..
The.safeguard.measures.include.core.discharge.monitoring.(CDM).and.non-
destructive.assay.(NDA)..Therefore,.the.safeguard.is.related.to.nuclear.fuel.
monitoring,. which. was. studied. by. the. network. effect. method. of. the. zero-
sum.quantiication.(Woo.and.Lee.2011)..The.safeguard.measures.are.shown.
in.Figure 10.1.
With.respect.to.economics,.as.the.monitoring.sequence.increases,.the.rela-
tive. surplus. value. also. increases.. Table 10.2. lists. the. basic. nuclear. material.
safeguard. conditions.. For. example,. the. table. shows. an. alphabetical. rating.
(from.A.to.E).of.ive.types.of.fuel.monitoring.conditions,.which.are.assigned.
at.the.discretion.of.the.operator..That.is.to.say,.the.random.samplings.have.
different.meanings.and.standard.deviations,.which.are.decided.based.on.the.
power.of.the.reactor.and.subjective.judgment..In.this.study,.three.kinds.of.
random.samplings.are.used,.with.a.mean.of.0.5.and.standard.deviations.of.
0.341,.0.477,.and.0.499.
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