Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1. Published investigations on tufa stromatolite biofilms of the Deinschwanger Bach (DB) and
Westerh¨ fer Bach (WB)
Topic
Location
Methods
References
Hydrochemistry of stream
waters (selected data)
DB, WB electrodes, titration, ion
chromatography, photometry
Arp et al. 2001b; Shiraishi
et al. 2008a, b
Diatom biodiversity
(preliminary)
DB, WB 18S rDNA sequences from
clones and cultures
Brinkmann et al. 2007a, b
Cyanobacterial
morphotypes
DB
epifluorescence microscopy of
resin-embedded biofilm
sections
Arp et al. 2001b
Non-phototrophic
prokaryote biodiversity
of stream waters
WB
16S rDNA sequences from
cultures
Brambilla et al. 2007; Cousin
et al. 2008
Non-phototrophic
prokaryote biodiversity
of tufa stromatolite
(preliminary)
WB
16S rDNA sequences from
clones and cultures
Cousin et al. 2007
Novel species of
non-phototrophic
prokaryotes
WB
16S rDNA sequences from
cultures, GþC content of
DNA, fatty acid methyl ester
analysis; cultural,
biochemical and
morphological analyses
Cousin et al. 2007; Muurholm
et al. 2007; Stackebrandt
et al. 2007; Ali et al.,
in press
Extracellular polymeric
substances
DB, WB
lectin-binding, LSM
Zippel et al., submitted
Physicochemical
microgradients and
mass balances
DB, WB
microsensors and ion flux
calculations
Bissett et al. 2008a; Shiraishi
et al. 2008a, b
Stable carbon and oxygen
isotopes of tufa carbonate
and stream waters
DB, WB
mass spectrometry
Arp et al. 2001b; Shiraishi
et al. 2008b
Hydrochemical numerical
simulations
marine &
non-marine
computer program PHREEQC
(Parkhurst & Appelo 1999)
Arp et al. 2001a, 2003
Locations
The Deinschwanger Bach (DB, Fig. 2b) is loca-
ted at the western margin of the Franconian Alb,
approximately 30 km ESE of N ¨rnberg (Geological
Map of Bavaria 1:25 000 Sheet 6634 Altdorf
bei N ¨rnberg, east 44 63 700, north 54 72 450
[main spring; 519 m above S.L.] to east 44 61 500,
north 54 72 250 [low-turbulent, well-illuminated
lower stream section; 462 m above S.L.]). The
main spring as well as most side springs discharge
from the base of the Weißjura-Group aquifer,
where thick Upper Jurassic limestones (here:
'Weißjura aand b', Dietfurt Formation) are under-
lain by a few metres of clays of the Middle Jurassic
Ornatenton Formation ('Braunjura 1
3
and z')
(Schmidt-Kaler 1974). It is one of the most important
spring horizons of the Franconian Alb. The stream
has been investigated at a total length of 2800 m,
and attains a maximum width of 2 m. The total
catchment area of the investigated stream section
including all side springs is approximately 8 km
2
.
Valley sides are vegetated by mixed forests while
the surrounding karst plateau is intensively used for
agriculture.
Two karstwater streams in Germany have been
studied in detail (Fig. 1). Coordinates are given
according to the Gauss - Kr ¨ger system.
The Westerh ¨fer Bach (WB, Fig. 2a) is located
to the west of the Harz Mountains, c. 27 km NNE
of G ¨ttingen (Geological Map of Lower Saxony
1:25 000 Sheet 4226 Northeim - Ost, east 35 75
320, north 57 37 118 [main spring; 199 m above
S.L.] to east 35 75 625, north 57 37 010 [lower
stream section; 154 m above S.L.]). The stream is
less than 2 m wide and receives its water from a
spring area discharging from the Middle Triassic
Muschelkalk-Group aquifer. The catchment area is
approximately 3.5 km
2
and covered exclusively by
deciduous and coniferous forest. The investigated
upstream section of the stream is approximately
340 m long with a difference of 40 m in altitude.
This stream previously has been studied by Jacob-
son & Usdowski (1975), Usdowski et al. (1979)
and Dreybrodt et al. (1992) with regard to hydro-
chemistry and isotope geochemistry.
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