Depositional properties and geochemistry of Holocene perched springline tufa deposits and associated spring waters: a case study from the Denizli Province, Western Turkey - Tufas and Speleothems: Unravelling the Microbial and Physical Controls - page 257

karst (Horvatin ˇ i ´ et al. 2003), Czech Republic and
Spanish precipitates in European scale (Fig. 10).

A NZALONE , E., F ERRERI , V., S PROVIERI ,M.&
D'A RGENIO , B. 2007. Travertines as hydrologic
archives: The case of the Pontecagnano deposits
(southern Italy). Advances in Water Resources, 30,
2159 - 2175.
A RENAS , C., G UTIERREZ , F., O S ´ CAR ,C.&S ANCHO ,C.
2000. Sedimentology and geochemistry of fluvio-
lacustrine tufa deposits controlled by evaporate sol-
ution subsidence in the central Ebro Depression, NE
Spain. Sedimentology, 47, 883 - 909.
A RP , G. 1995. Lacustrine bioherms, spring mounds, mar-
ginal carbonates of the Ries-impact-crater (Miocene,
southern Germany). Facies, 33, 35 - 90.
B EAN , G. E. 1971. Turkey beyond the Meander. Ernest
Benn, London (Revised and edited by J. Bean [1980]
and published by John Murray, London [1989]).
B ONNY ,S.&J ONES , B. 2003. Relict tufa at Miette hot
springs, Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada. Cana-
dian Journal of Earth Science, 40, 1459 - 1481.
B OZKURT ,E.&O BERH ¨ NSLI , R. 2001. Menderes masif
(Western Turkey): structural, metamorphic and mag-
matic evolution - a synthesis. International Earth
Sciences, 89, 679 - 708.
B OZKU ¸ , C., K UMSAR , H., ¨ ZKUL ,M.&H AN ¸ ER ,M.
2000. Seismicity of Active Honaz fault under an exten-
sional tectonic regime. In:D ORA , O., ¨ ZGEN ¸, ˙ .&
S ¨ ZBILIR , H. (eds) International Earth Science Collo-
quium on the Aegean Region. Proceedings of Dokuz
Eylul

Conclusions

The G¨ney tufa site is a typical representative of
perched springline tufa model in eastern Mediterra-
nean. The site with lobe-top terraces partly reached
in mature stage. Numerous cavities have developed
behind of the tufa lobes; some of them reached more
than 10 m in size. In the G ¨ney site, tufa deposition
began at least 5800 yr BP.
The tufa-precipitating waters supersaturated in
calcite outflow from multi-spring points and are of
Ca - HCO 3 in origin. According to hydrochemical
and isotopic composition, the site waters are clearly
meteoric and shallow circulated. Radiocarbon and
stable-isotope composition of the tufa deposits
support meteoric origin. Additionally, the stable-
isotope values show similar distribution with south
European countries.

This work was supported by the Scientific Research Grants
of Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey (Project grant:
2003MHF012) and the Ministry of Science and Technol-
ogy of the Republic of Croatia (Project grant: 05MP014).
The authors thank Arzu G¨ l, Melek Tin and Salih Kıyak
for their assistance. We are grateful to Brian Jones for
his review of the SEM images, manuscript and linguistics.
We thank also Bernie Owens for identifcation of diatoms.
The governorship of the city of Denizli provided logistic
support for monitoring.

˙ zmir- University, Deptartment of Geology,

Turkey, 7 - 16.
C ARTHEW , K. D., T AYLOR ,M.P.&D RYSDALE ,R.N.
2003. Are current models of tufa sedimentary environ-
ments applicable to tropical systems? A case study
from the Gregory River. Sedimentary Geology, 162,
199 - 218.
C EYLAN , M. A. 2000. The recreational importance of the
G¨ney waterfall. Do˘u Co˘rafya Dergisi, 3, 61 - 76.
C HAFETZ ,H.S.&F OLK , R. L. 1984. Travertines: deposi-
tional morphology and the bacterially constructed
constituents. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 54,
289 - 316.
C OLE , J. M., R ASBURY , E., T ROY , M. I. P., P EDONE ,V.
A., L ANZIROTTI A NTONIO ,H.&G ILBERT , N. 2004.
Petrographic and trace element analysis of uranium-
rich tufa calcite, middle Miocene Barstow Formation,
California, USA. Sedimentology, 51, 433 - 453.
E RDO ˘ AN ,B.&G ¨ NG ¨ R , T. 2004. The problem of the
core-cover boundary of the Menderes massif and an
emplacement mechanism for regionally extensive
gneissic granites, western Anatolia (Turkey). Turkish
Journal of Earth Sciences, 13, 15 - 36.
E VANS , J. E. 1999. Recognation and implications of
Eocene tufas and travertines in the Chadron Formation,
White

References
A L ¸ ˙ ¸ EK , H., V AROL ,B.& ¨ ZKUL , M. 2007. Sedimen-
tary facies, depositional environments and palaeogeo-
graphic evolution of the Neogene Denizli Basin of
SW Anatolia, Turkey. Sedimentary Geology, 202,

596 - 637.
A LTUNEL ,E.&H ANCOCK , P. L. 1993. Morphology and
structural setting of Quaternary Travertines at Pamuk-
kale, Turkey. Geological Journal, 28, 335 - 346.
A NDREO , B., M ART ´ N -M ART ´ N ,M.&M ART ´ N -
A LGARRA , A. 1999. Hydrochemistry of spring water
associated with travertines. Examples of the Sierra de
la Alfaguara (Granada, southern Spain). Comptes
Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Paris, Sciences
de la Terre et des Plan`tes, 328, 745 - 750.
A NDREWS , J. E. 2006. Paleoclimatic record from stable
isotopes in riverine tufas: synthesis and review. Earth-
Science Review, 75, 85 - 104.
A NDREWS ,J.E.&B RASIER , A. T. 2005. Seasonal records
of climatic change in annually laminated tufas: short
review and future prospects. Journal of Quaternary
Science, 20, 411 - 421.
A NDREWS , J. E., R IDING ,R.&D ENNIS , P. F. 1997. The
stable isotope record of environmental and climatic
signals in modern terrestrial microbial carbonates
from Europe. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,
Palaeoecology, 129, 171 - 189.

River Group, Badlands of South Dakota.

Sedimentology, 46, 771 - 789.
F ORD ,T.D.&P EDLEY , H. M. 1996. A review of tufa and
travertine deposits of the world. Earth Science

Reviews, 41, 117 - 175.
G LOVER ,C.P.&R OBERTSON , A. H. F. 2003. Origin of
tufa (cool-water carbonate) and related terraces in the
Antalya area, SW Turkey. Geological Journal, 38,
329 - 358.
G ONZ ´ LEZ M ART ´ N , J. A., G ARC ´ ADEL C URA ,M.A.&
O RD ´ ˜ EZ , S. 1989. Formaciones tobaceas en los