Environmental Engineering Reference
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would indicate more buffer i.e. less of a demand reduction caused by the pipe failure, while α i
= 1 indicates serial/branched networks. Finally, α i 1in case of GA optimised networks (for
the least-cost diameter); in this case, the pipe flows under regular conditions, also give
indications about the loss of demand in case of pipe failures.
Figure 5.10 Net10, flow increments/decrements showing relation between Q f and 1 - ADF f
5.5
NETWORK BUFFER INDEX
Adopting that the dots positioned on Y-axis of HRD reflect 100% of the network buffer i.e.
an ADF index equal to one, while the dots positioned on the diagonal reflect no buffer in the
pipes, all other footprints in between these two extremes characterise a certain reliability level
that can be correlated to a unique index derived directly from the HRD. This index has been
named the network buffer index (NBI) and is determined using the analogy between the
network buffer and actual loss of demand shown in Figure 5.11.
Figure 5.11 Determination of the Network Buffer Index
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