Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
1.00
Underconnected
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
net01
net02
net03
net04
Branched
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
Overconnected
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1-ADF
Figure 5.3
Loss of demand for serial/branched configurations
1.00
Underconnected
0.90
0.80
net05
net06
net07
net08
net09
net10
net11
net12
net13
net14
net15
net16
Branched
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
Overconnected
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1-ADF
Figure 5.4
Loss of demand for GA optimised looped nets (PDD threshold = 20 mwc)
These trends are illustrated in the example in Figure 5.5, which shows the implications of the
buffer increase for networks 10 and 16 (the upper-right in Figure 5.1c and the lower right in
Figure 5.1d, respectively). Next to the optimised layouts (
net10
and
net16
on the graph), two
additional layouts have been created by increasing each pipe diameter with the first higher
value from the available range used for the GA optimisations (the layouts
a
and
b
).
The diagram as shown in Figures 5.3 to 5.5 is named here the
hydraulic reliability diagram
(HRD), and presents a footprint of network operation for given demand scenario, by showing
the distribution of pipe flows under regular conditions against corresponding loss of demand
in case of particular pipe failure.
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