Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
speciic.work.procedures;.and.training.should.be.repeated.if.an.accident.or.near-miss.
incident.occurs.
Problems. that. can. be. addressed. effectively. by. training. include. those. that. arise.
from.lack.of.knowledge.of.a.work.process,.unfamiliarity.with.equipment,.or.incor-
rect. execution. of. a. task.. Training. is. less. effective. (but. still. can. be. used). for. prob-
lems.arising.from.an.employee's.lack.of.motivation.or.lack.of.attention.to.the.job..
Whatever. its. purpose,. training. is. most. effective. when. designed. in. relation. to. the.
goals.of.the.employer's.total.safety.and.health.program..An.example.of.a.training.
needs.assessment.instrument.that.could.be.used.with.supervisors.or.workers.can.be.
found.in.Table 20.3.
i
DEntifying
t
rAining
n
EEDs
If.the.problem.is.one.that.can.be.solved,.in.whole.or.in.part,.by.training,.then.the.next.
step.is.to.determine.what.training.is.needed..For.this,.it.is.necessary.to.identify.what.
the.employee.is.expected.to.do.and.in.what.ways,.if.any,.the.employee's.performance.
is. deicient.. This. information. can. be. obtained. by. conducting. a. job. analysis. that.
.pinpoints.what.an.employee.needs.to.know.in.order.to.perform.a.job.
When.designing.a.new.training.program,.or.preparing.to.instruct.an.employee.in.an.
unfamiliar.procedure.or.system,.a.job.analysis.can.be.developed.by..examining.engi-
neering.data.on.new.equipment,.or.the.safety.data.sheets.on.unfamiliar..substances..
The.content.of.the.speciic.federal.or.state.OSHA.standard.applicable.to.a.business.
can.also.provide.direction.in.developing.training.content..Another.option.is.to.con-
duct. a. Job. Hazard. Analysis. (see. Chapter. 12).. This. is. a. procedure. for. studying. and.
recording.each.step.of.a.job,.identifying.existing.or.potential.hazards,.and.determin-
ing.the.best.way.to.perform.the.job.in.order.to.reduce.or.eliminate.risks..Information.
obtained.from.a.Job.Hazard.Analysis.can.be.used.as.the.content.for.training.activity.
If. an. employer's. training. needs. can. be. met. by. revising. an. existing. training.
program. rather. than. developing. a. new. one,. or. if. the. employer. already. has. some.
knowledge.of.the.process.or.system.to.be.used,.appropriate.training.content.can.be.
developed.through.such.means.as
.
1.. Using.company.accident.and.injury.records.to.identify.how.accidents.occur.
and.what.can.be.done.to.prevent.them.from.recurring.
.
2.. Requesting.employees.to.provide,.in.writing.and.in.their.own.words,.descrip-
tions.of.their.jobs..These.should.include.the.tasks.performed.and.the.tools,.
materials,.and.equipment.used.
.
3.. Observing.employees.at.the.worksite.as.they.perform.tasks,.asking.about.
the.work,.and.recording.their.answers.
.
4.. Examining.similar.training.programs.offered.by.other.companies.in.the.same.
industry,.or.obtaining.suggestions.from.such.organizations.as.the.National.
Safety.Council,.the.Bureau.of.Labor.Statistics,.OSHA-approved.state.pro-
grams,. OSHA. full-service. Area. Ofices,. OSHA-funded. state. .consultation.
programs,.or.the.OSHA.Ofice.of.Training.and.Education.
