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an integrated development environment. The application layer provides a complete
application set of SaaS. The advantage of the cloud based digital infrastructure is not
just related to how much resources users can save by not buying and installing
hardware and software and therefore using less power. Users of cloud computing are
more likely to significantly reduce their carbon footprint. In the United Kingdom, for
example, increasingly stringent regulations (such as the Carbon Reduction
commitment and EU Energy Using Products Directive) are likely to put pressure on
organisations such as the educational institutions to make ICT more environmentally
sustainable [19]. In an environment where there is an increasing concern about
organisations' carbon footprint and energy costs, virtualized services (such as those
provided in a cloud based environment) are of very much interest [20]. Also data
centers in the cloud could be environmental friendly storage, but concerns of data
protection and privacy are also important.
5
Concluding Remarks
This approach is the basis for the definition of a systemic vision of green cloud based
utility computing model. Despite the lack of quantitative evidence of the advantages
of the systems approaches a balanced complete research agenda should include:
1. An holistic in-depth analysis of the impacts of ICT usage on the environmental
sustainability and the definition of a roadmap through public consultation;
2. Effective inter-disciplinary systems research developing green sustainable ICT
3. Mechanisms for dealing with the complexity of operating utility computing,
enhancing major benefits and minimising potential negative consequences
particularly on the environment
4. Implementation solutions for utility computing using virtualisation for cloud
based services and an elaborated digital infrastructure
5. Other key issues such as data privacy, and security and the need of a legal and
regulatory standardised framework.
Acknowledgment. This paper has received financial support from the Network+
focused on IT as a Utility funded by RCUK under Digital Economy Programme. We
particularly, thank to the ITaaU Network+ champion, Professor Jeremy Frey .
References
1. Global Action Plan: Green ICT Handbook A guide to Green ICT, @Global Action Plan
(2009)
2. Ghose, A., Hasan, H., Spedding, T.: Carbon-centric Computing: IT Solutions for Climate
Change, A report prepared by the University Working Group on the Carbon-centric
Computing Initiative, University of Wollongong, p. 17 (2008)
3. Xiao, Y.: Modeling and Managing Energy Consumption of Mobile Devices. PhD thesis,
Aalto University (2011)
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