Control Statements: Part 1; Assignment, ++ and --Operators - Java: How to Program Early Objects - page 107

If student's grade is greater than or equal to 60
Print “Passed”

Else

Print “Failed”

prints “Passed” if the student's grade is greater than or equal to 60, but prints “Failed” if
it's less than 60. In either case, after printing occurs, the next pseudocode statement in se-
quence is “performed.”
The preceding If … Else pseudocode statement can be written in Java as

if (grade >= 60 )
System.out.println( "Passed" );
else
System.out.println( "Failed" );

The body of the else is also indented. Whatever indentation convention you choose
should be applied consistently throughout your programs.

Good Programming Practice 4.1
Indent both body statements of an if … else statement. Many IDEs do this for you.

Good Programming Practice 4.2
If there are several levels of indentation, each level should be indented the same additional
amount of space.

UML Activity Diagram for an if … else Statement
Figure 4.3 illustrates the flow of control in the if … else statement. Once again, the sym-
bols in the UML activity diagram (besides the initial state, transition arrows and final
state) represent action states and decisions.

[grade < 60] [grade >= 60]

print “Failed” print “Passed”

Fig. 4.3 | if … else double-selection statement UML activity diagram.

Nested if … else Statements
A program can test multiple cases by placing if … else statements inside other if … else
statements to create nested if … else statements . For example, the following pseudo-
code represents a nested if … else that prints A for exam grades greater than or equal to
90, B for grades 80 to 89, C for grades 70 to 79, D for grades 60 to 69 and F for all other
grades: