Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 2
. An interactive image-guided neurosurgical tumor resection demonstrating the
steps of the cranial procedure of (i) identification of the location of the subcortical tumor
(lower left) using depiction of its location on the images on the graphics display (upper
left); (ii) electrocortical stimulation to identify the cortical areas of face and tongue motor
function and their proximity to the tumor location (upper right); and (iii) view of the tumor
bed post-guided microsurgical resection (lower right).
microscope manipulators led to better mating of optical digitizer systems with
standard microscopes. Thus, neurosurgeons could use the microscope focal
point as a navigation device and have continuous co-registration of their surgical
view through the microscope with planning CT and MR imaging studies. These
freehand operating microscope navigation systems have proved very useful (28).
2.4.2. Radiosurgery
The standard linear accelerator delivers beams with two degrees of freedom.
The beam points to a focal point and can be rotated through approximately 270
degrees to a central point. The linear accelerator table also rotates. These two
rotations are robotic in that they are servo-motor controlled. For focused radia-
tion treatment, the target volume in the body must be positioned in the central
point.
