Application of Zero-valent Iron Nanoparticles for Environmental Clean Up - Advanced Materials for Agriculture, Food and Environmental Safety - page 399

Contaminant
category

Nanoparticle Type Contaminant

removed

Reaction mechanism Remarks References

Chlorinated ali-
phatic, alicyclic
and aromatic
compounds

CMC stabilized
nFe 0 /Pd

Trichloroethylene Complete dechlorination

without formation of toxic
intermediates

Dechlorination rate of CMC-nFe 0 /
Pd 17 times faster that of nFe 0 /
Pd.

[24]

CMC-Cu/nFe 0 1, 2, 4-trichloro-

benzene

Sequential dechlorina-
tion and catalytic
hydrogenation

Rate-determining step is the electro-
philic H* addition to the double
bond of benzene ring followed by
the C-Cl scission.

[158]

CMC-Pd/nFe 0 p -nitrochloro-

benzene
( p -NCB)

Dechlorination to ani-
line with trace amount
of p -chloroaniline as
intermediate

p -NCB toxicity greatly reduces and
biodegradability improves

[86]

CMC-Pd/nFe 0 2,4-dichlorophen-

oxyacetic acid

Adsorption followed by
reduction to 2-chlorophen-
oxyacetic acid and i nally
to phenoxyacetic acid

Reaction pH and CMC/nFe 0 ratio
signii cantly af ects the reduction
process

[159]

nFe 0 /Cu with
activated carbon
support

γ -HCH Simultaneous adsorption and

dechlorination

Tetrachlorocyclohexene and chlo-
robenzene identii ed as major
intermediate and i nal product.

[89]

nFe 0 /Pd-alginate Trichloro-ethylene

(TCE)

Complete dechlorination to
ethane and butane

> 99% TCE reduction within 4
hours. Less than 3% Fe release
from support.

[96]

Bentonite sup-
ported nFe 0

Methyl orange
(MO)

Adsorption followed by
reductive cleavage of azo
bonds

Degradation signii cantly af ected
by pH, nFe 0 dosage, initial conc.
of MO, and temperature.

[90]

( Continued )