Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
strong antioxidant activity as well as cytotoxicity against HeLa cervical cell
lines. In a series of experiments, Khan
et al.
[26, 70] reported the shape-
directing role of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in the green synthesis
of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of neem (
Azadirachta indica
) and
leaf petiole extract of paan (
Piper betle
) as reducing agents. h e extracts of
A. indica
produced silver nanoparticles (10-37 nm) of various shapes and
the extract of
P. b e t l e
resulted in spherical, truncated triangular polyhedral
plate and some irregular-shaped silver nanoparticles (4-30 nm). Bankar
et al.
[91] used banana peel extract to synthesize silver nanoparticles and
found that the peel extract results in the production of 100 nm-size nan-
oparticles with antifungal activity against the yeasts
Candida albicans
and
Candida lipolytica,
and antibacterial activity against
E. coli
,
Shigella sp
.,
Klebsiella sp.
and
Enterobacter aerogenes
. Ponarulselvam
et al.
[92] have
discussed the production of silver nanoparticles with an average size of
35-55 nm using aqueous leaves extracts of
Catharanthus roseus
(
C. roseus
)
Linn. Nabikhan and coworkers [76] studied the ef ect of extracts from tis-
sue culture-derived callus and leaf of the saltmarsh plant,
Sesuvium portu-
lacastrum
L., on the synthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles using
AgNO
3
as a substrate. In the FTIR spectra, peaks corresponding to amide
I, II and III indicate the presence of protein, and peaks for aromatic rings,
geminal methyls and ether linkages indicate the presence of l avones and
terpenoids were observed. h ese compounds were supposed to be respon-
sible for the stabilization of synthesized silver nanoparticles.
10.2.2
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles
Gold nanoparticles are among the important transition metal nanopar-
ticles whose applications in diverse industries have soared in recent years.
Recently, Nagaraj
et al.
[93] reported the extracellular biosynthesis of
AuNPs using l ower extracts of
Plumeria alba
as reducing agent. h ey found
that the synthesized nanoparticles have signii cant antimicrobial activity
against
A. niger
and
A. l avus
. Based on a research study administered by
Bankar
et al.
[94], the synthesis of gold (Au) nanoparticles from aqueous
solutions of chloroauric acid using banana peel extract (BPE) as a simple,
nontoxic, ecofriendly green procedure have been elucidated. Fourier trans-
form infrared spectroscopic studies were carried out to investigate the role
of carboxyl, amine and hydroxyl groups in the reduction process. Likewise,
Jayaseelan and coworkers [18] reported the synthesis of biologically
active gold nanoparticles by using seed aqueous extract of
Abelmoschus
esculentus
. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis of Au
nanoparticles indicated the formation of spherical nanoparticles with a
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