Future Prospects of Phytosynthesized Transition Metal Nanoparticles as Novel Functional Agents for Textiles - Advanced Materials for Agriculture, Food and Environmental Safety - page 265

[13, 14]. Up to now, several plant parts have been successfully utilized for
ei cient and rapid synthesis of transition metal nanoparticles. Recently,
Iravani [9] reviewed the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using
plants. Mittal and coworkers shared their views about the synthesis and
characterization of metallic nanoparticles using plant extracts in their
recent review [15]. More recently, several plants have been studied in the
synthesis of nanoparticles (Table 10.1).

10.2.1 Silver - Most Versatile Transition Metal Nanoparticle

Synthesized by Using Plants

Silver nanoparticles have attracted intensive research interest because of
their versatile applications in diverse areas of the biomedical, agricultural,
electronic i elds, etc. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by a simple proce-
dure using leaf extract of Aloe vera carried out by Chandran and colleagues
[16] resulted in the production of spherical nanoparticles of 15.2 nm ±
4.2 nm size. Ramteke et al. [17] reported the synthesis of silver nanopar-
ticles having an average particle size of about 18 nm using aqueous leaf
extract of Ocimum sanctum . h e Ag nanoparticles were stabilized by euge-
nols, terpenes and other aromatic compounds present in the leaves extract
of tulsi plant. h ese nanoparticles were found to be highly active against
Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli . Furthermore, the synthesis of quasi-
spherical silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate using apiin, a bioconstitu-
ent isolated from henna leaves ( Lawsonia inermis ), has been reported. h e
formed silver nanoparticles had a mean size of 39 nm [85]. Zaheer and
Rai uddin [65] are also among the researchers who have studied the shape-
directing role of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the green
extracellular synthesis of Ag-nanoparticles using a Ocimum sanctum leaf
extract. h ese silver nanoparticles ranged in size from about 18-35 nm
and had diverse shapes (spherical, truncated triangular nanoplates) and
were found to be highly polydispersed in the presence of CTAB. Shukla et
al. [86] have discussed the production of silver nanoparticles (20-50 nm)
using crude black pepper ( Piper nigrum ) extract at room temperature.
Christensen et al. [87] produced silver nanoparticles using a leaf extract of
Murraya koenigii and found particles of spherical shape with sizes ranging
from 10-25 nm.
In a research experiment conducted by Logeswari et al. [88], a series
of plant extracts (i.e., Ocimum tenuil orum , Solanum tricobatum , Syzygium
cumini , Centella asiatica and Citrus sinensis) were studied for their poten-
tial to act as reducing materials for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles.
h ese silver nanoparticles were found to have an average size of 28 nm,