Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 4.10
Trapezoidal membership function parameters.
Group
Parameter
FS
WLFT
WLFB
WLFC
VMC
A
-2.64
3.86
3.98
4.32
1.38
-
B
2.17
19.55
19.79
19.65
2.42
m
-0.54
10.2
10.2
10.2
1.62
I
n
0.11
14.3
14.3
14.3
1.81
m
0.34
8.2
8.2
8.2
1.76
II
n
0.53
11.5
11.5
11.5
2
m
0.73
7.5
7.5
7.5
1.85
III
n
1.11
9
9
9
2.1
h e objective function (
F
) is the mathematical function whose maxi-
mum would be determined, by summing the FSE results for the ANN
model, according to eq. (4.4). Each group of output parameters (
CS
,
WA
,
FS
,
WLF
, and
VMC
) has the equal inl uence on the function
F
:
F(SiO
2
, Al
2
O
3
, Fe
2
O
3
, CaO, MgO, Na
2
O, K
2
O, Mno, TiO
2
,
Temp
) = 0.10. (
CSB
+
CSC
+
WAT
+
WA B
+
FS
+
WAC
+
WLFT
+
WLFB
+
WLFC
+
VMC
)
(4.6)
h e maximum of function
F
represents the optimal major oxide con-
tents and processing temperature, and also the optimum of
CSB
,
CSC
,
WAT
,
WA B
,
WAC
,
FS
,
WLFT
,
WLFB
,
WLFC
, and
VMC
. h e values of
F
were determined using eq. (4.6). Values of membership function closer
to 1 show the tendency of processing parameters to be highly optimal.
Optimized process parameters (inputs and outputs) for all groups were
shown in table 4.11. Solid bricks (Group I) are proved to be producible
of low quality heavy clays containing the highest free quartz and carbon-
ates content, and subsequently the lowest Fe
2
O
3
content [3]. Group II had
the the highest Fe
2
O
3
, Na
2
O and K
2
O content, and presented highly sinter-
able heavy clays [34]. Group III contained the most of SiO
2
and the low-
est carbonates content. h e optimal i ring temperatures for Group I were
950-1000
°
C, and for Groups II and III it was 900
°
C. Higher clay minerals
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