Environmental Engineering Reference
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the CCRs is also termed as PCCRs, since it is a part of CCRs of ash pond as
well as to avoid any contradiction with the earlier published data (Asokan et
al., 2006). All these samples were air dried separately, well ground, sieved
through 2mm size sieve and sampling was done from the processed sample for
the physico-chemical and leachability studies as well as experimental work.
2.2. Raw Materials Characterization
Standard methods of analysis were followed for physical, chemical,
mineralogical and morphological characterization of wastes samples using
advanced analytical instruments. Solubility characteristics of jarosite waste
and other additives were performed under different extraction durations.
Experiments were carried out for detoxification / immobilization of the toxic
species in jarosite waste using CCRs / as additives along with clay through s/s
process. The standard methods of analysis were followed for raw materials
characterization (Veihmeyer et al., 1946; Bodman, 1942; Piper, 1966; Jackson,
1973). Bulk density and particle density were measured as per the method
recommended by Veihmeyer and Hendrielson (1946); Porosity and water
holding capacity was done following Bodman, 1942. The conductivity and pH
was measured using Orion analyser (Model 1260, Orion Research Inc., USA)
in 1:2 soil suspensions (Jackson, 1973). For total elemental analysis, samples
were digested by microwave digester (QLAB 6000 Microwave Digestion
System, Canada) and extracts were analysed (Jackson 1973) by Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), Z-5000, Hitachi, Japan with flame and
graphite system. For all analysis, high purity water of Elga (Prima 1-3 and
Elgastat Maxima, England system was used. The mineralogical studies were
performed using a X-Ray Diffractometer- PW-1710 Philips, Netherland and
the microstructure was studied by Scanning Electron Microscope- Model
JOEL JSM-5600, Japan with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS)
analysis facilities. The radionuclides in the jarosite waste and CCRs were
tested at the Institute of Physics, which is a constituent Organization of
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India.
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