Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Manganese nodule
residue
125
19.8
4h
5.5
59
50
[24]
Low-grade phosphate
-
7.54
30min
5
85
25
[25]
Olive cake
-
65.4
120min 6
-
28
[3]
Kraft lignin
1260
175
48h
4.5
-
40
[14]
Softwood kraft lignin
0.5
3.2
80min
6.5
-
-
[16]
Hardwood organosolv
lignin
2.9
2.8
80min
6.5
-
-
[16]
Hardwood organosolv
lignin
2.1
2.1
80min
6.5
-
-
[16]
Softwood organosolv
lignin
4.8
0.9
80min
6.5
-
-
[16]
Orange waste
-
48
1h
6
-
25
[6]
Wheat stems
-
11.6
20min
5
-
25
[89]
Areca
80
1.12
1h
5.6
100
20
[100]
Rice polish
452
0.8
90min
8.6
-
20
[69]
Natural corncob
5
5.9
5dias
6
~100 25
[78]
Oxidized 0.6M CA
-
55.2
5dias
6
~100 25
[78]
Oxidized 1M NA
-
19.3
5dias
6
-
25
[78]
Modified tamarind fruit
shell
95.2
90.9
3h
7
98
30
[44]
Hazelnut shell
4.31
16.23
120min 5
-
25
[83]
Almond shell
4.11
3.40
120min 5
-
25
[83]
Coffee beans
1.2
7
24h
8
90
30
[38]
Tea-industry waste
21.2
11.29
1h
5.5
-
25
[39]
Corncob
-
8
20min
7.6
-
Room
[76]
Maize corncob
-
105.6
1h
6
-
-
[75]
Jatropha oil cake
-
86.96
1h
6
-
-
[75]
Sugarcane bagasse
-
69.06
1h
6
-
-
[75]
Oak wood char
2.04
0.37
24h
5
-
25
[55]
Pine bark char
1.88
0.34
24h
5
-
25
[55]
Oak bark char
25.4
5.4
24h
5
-
25
[55]
Bagasse fly ash
168.8 6.2
5h
6
66
30
[19]
Fired coal fly ash
10.20 18.98
72h
10
-
25
[18]
Zheng
et al.
[100] studied the Cd
2+
adsorption onto area waste due to its
availability and also a high concentration of metal binding sites in its cellulosic
matrix. The adsorption process revealed that the initial uptake was fast and the
thermodynamic equilibrium was established in about 1h. The authors also
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