Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
estimation of solar radiation from measured meteorological variables of 15 stations
in China. Wavelet based SVM with short-term solar radiation has been applied in
China in relation to Photovoltaic (PV) power generation [
20
]. A wavelet con-
junctive model with ANN has been successfully applied to forecast solar irradiance
in china by Cao [
12
].
Numerous data based models are applied in this chapter along with data selec-
tion approaches for modelling solar radiation using different meteorological inputs.
Two major objectives are involved in this chapter. First one is to apply state-of-art
Gamma Test and other input selection approaches in solar radiation modelling
identify the best training input space to and training data input length and then to
apply to different data based models and arti
cial intelligent models. The other one
is to develop W-ANN, W-ANFIS and W-SVM models and to examine effect of
state-of-art ANN, ANFIS and SVM models with discrete wavelet (DWT) models.
5.1.1 The River Brue Catchment
The River Brue catchment, located in Somerset, South West of England, UK, was
selected for the major studies and analysis in this topic. The Brue catchment is
considered as one of the best representative catchments for hydrological responses
in England due to its better quality of data collected over a reasonably long time.
This catchment has been extensively used for many good quality research on
weather radar, quantitative precipitation and
flood forecasting and rainfall runoff
modelling [
10
]. The location is famous among researchers because of its well
facilitated dense rain gauge network as well as the coverage by three weather radars
around the study area. The River Brue catchment was the site of the Natural
Environment Research Council (NERC) funded HYREX project (Hydrological
Radar Experiment) from 1993 to 1997. The catchment was chosen for the HYREX
project, as its size and relief of the catchment were seen as representative of many
catchments in the UK to demonstrate the hydrological dynamics and
flood fore-
casting procedures. The catchment has a drainage area of 135 square kilometres and
an elevation range between 35 to 190 m above sea level. The catchment is located at
51.075
West; the location map of the catchment is shown in
Fig.
5.1
. The river gauging point of the catchment is located at Lovington. The
eastern region of the catchment is mainly clay upland and while the lowlands in the
western region are relatively
°
North and 2.58
°
flat. The catchment is mainly made up of clay soils and
is predominantly rural and of modest relief, with spring-fed headwaters rising in the
Mendip Hills and Salisbury Plain. Clays, sands and oolites in the study area give
rise to a rapidly responsive
flow regime. The major land use in the catchment is
pastureland particularly on clay soil; however there are some patches of woodland
in the higher eastern catchment. The lowland wet grassland of the catchment forms
part of the unique landscape of the Somerset Levels and Moors and the region is
internationally and nationally designated for its conservation and landscape value.
The catchment has an average annual rainfall of 867 mm and the average river
