Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
effective when they enlist the support and tap the strengths of national
and transnational environmental and human rights organizations.
The fi nal chapter in the section—chapter 11—is by Pellow, who
further explores the rise of a transnational movement for environmental
justice. Drawing on the case of toxic waste disposal in Mozambique,
Pellow demonstrates how transnational inequalities can affect vulnerable
and privileged populations alike and how transnational activists can
effectively work to leverage power across borders.
Part IV, “Conclusion,” brings the topic to a close. In chapter 12,
“Refl ections on Environmental Equality beyond Borders,” Carmin and
Agyeman summarize major trends revealed by the previous chapters.
While many individual chapters affi rm classical views and arguments
present in the environmental justice literature, together they offer a
richer, more nuanced perspective on how global forces affect localities
and how they can further entrench existing inequalities. At the same
time, they point to the ways networks and mobilization can foster insti-
tutional change and promote social equality and environmental justice.
Notes
1. At the time, the GAO was called the General Accounting Offi ce.
2. We are aware of the contested nature of the concept of “race” (see, for
instance, Omi and Winant 1994). While race may not stand scientifi c scrutiny
as a robust categorization of humans, we use it in this introduction since it is a
powerful and widely used construct among the public and in the environmental
justice literature.
3. The term
indigenous peoples
is less specifi c and strict than some terms such
as First Peoples or First Nations. However, we adopt this term because it is com-
monly used by organizations such as the United Nations, the International
Labour Organization, and the World Bank.
References
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Adger, Neil, Jouni Paavola, Saleemul Huq, and M. J. Mace. 2006.
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Agbola, Tunde, and Moruf Alabi. 2003. Political economy of petroleum resources
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