Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
SALINITY
SALINITY
Signal perception and transduction
Signal perception and transduction
Transcription factors
Transcription factors
Regulation of gene expression
Regulation of gene expression
Regulation of ion content and homeostasis
Regulation of ion content and homeostasis
Regulation of ion content and homeostasis
Adaptive growth and photosynthesis rate
Adaptive growth and photosynthesis rate
Adaptive growth and photosynthesis rate
Gene expression
and responses
Gene expression
and responses
Gene expression
and responses
Activation of antioxidant substance and enzyme
Activation of antioxidant substance and enzyme
Activation of antioxidant substance and enzyme
Synthesis and accumulation of compatible solutes
Synthesis and accumulation of compatible solutes
Synthesis and accumulation of compatible solutes
RESISTANCE
RESISTANCE
Figure 1. The general pathway under salt stress.
Based on the development of molecular biology and transgenic engineering, plants with
enhanced tolerance are generating continuously. For example, over expression of the
syntheses genes of Pro and GB can improve the content of Pro and GB obviously and endow
the transgenic plants with enhanced tolerance (Kavi et al. 1995; Waditee et al. 2005).
Similarly, the transgenic plants with more SOS1 or NHX1 transporters are able to regulate the
ion transport more quickly and effectively to grow well under salt stress (Liu et al. 2000;
Quintero et al. 2002; Yang et al. 2009). Increasing the antioxidants through genetic
engineering is widely adopted in breeding to produce crops with enhanced salt stress. Yet, the
salt tolerance trait is a multigenic property and the salt tolerance is related to physiological,
biochemical and molecular processes, so the genetic engineering to produce salt-tolerant
crops is limited seriously in nature (Zhu 2003). More energy, material and financial resources
are needed to invest in the research. Only in this way can the mechanisms and principles be
discovered and some corresponding solutions are proposed. In addition, there are other factors
such as LEA proteins, WRKY and MYB transcriptional factors affecting salt tolerance of
plants which should arouse our attentions also (Gao et al. 2013; Scarpeci et al. 2013; Cheng et
al. 2013). In the nearest, the microorganisms in the soil is found to be involved in
phytohormonal signaling to improve plant nutrition, photosynthesis, and biomass production
ameliorating crop salt tolerance (Dodd and PĂ©rez-Alfocea 2012). Finally, we summarized our
points of view and future blueprint as indicated in Figure 1.
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CKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(41171216), One Hundred-Talent Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the Chinese
Academy of Sciences (CAS) Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists