Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
overwhelms the scavenging of antioxidant system, and then oxidative damage would happen
leading to oxidation to lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. It is precisely because that these
biomacromolecules are the components of the plasma membrane, thus the membrane system
is the main subjective of the ROS (Yan et al. 2013).
Table 2. Genetic transformation of antioxidant enzymes for enhancing salt tolerance
Gene symbol
Donor
Acceptor
Gene functions
Elevated character
References
Enhanced tolerance
to the active oxygen-
generating paraquat
and sodium sulphite
Ascorbate peroxidase
(APX)
Primary H
2
O
2
scavenging enzyme
Badawi et al.
(2004)
A. thaliana
Tobacco
Lower content of
malondialdehyde
(MDA) and better
growth than control
under salt stress
A critical enzyme
eliminating reactiv
oxygen species
(ROS) in plant cells
Superoxide
dismutase (SOD)
A. thaliana
A. thaliana
Wang et al. (2004)
Higher germination
rate and minimized
leaf damage under
salt stress
Ascorbate peroxidase
(APX)
Primary H
2
O
2
scavenging enzyme
Pea
Tobacco
Wang et al. (2005)
Dehydroascorbate
reductase (DHAR)
A critical enzyme for
ascorbate recycling
Enhanced resistance
to salt stress
Ushimaru et al.
(2006)
Rice
A. thaliana
Longer root length
and higher total
chlorophyll content
Ascorbate peroxidase
(APX)
Primary H
2
O
2
scavenging enzyme
Rice
A. thaliana
Lu et al. (2007)
Primary H
2
O
2
scavenging enzyme;
A critical enzyme
eliminating reactive
oxygen species
(ROS) in plant cells;
A critical enzyme for
ascorbate recycling
Ascorbate peroxidase
(APX), Superoxide
dismutase (SOD) and
Dehydroascorbate
reductase (DHAR)
More resistant to
paraquat-induced
stress and enhanced
tolerance to NaCI
Tobacco
Tobacco
Lee et al. (2007)
Crucial for Ascorbate
(AsA) regeneration
and essential for
maintaining a
reduced pool of AsA
Higher net
photosynthesis rates
and greater PSII
effective quantum
yield under salt stress
Monodehydroascorbate
reductase (MDAR)
Eltayeb et al.
(2007)
A. thaliana
Tobacco
Increased the
resistance of the
chloroplast's
translational
machinery under
salt stress
Catalyze the
dismutation of H
2
O
2
into water and
oxygen
Escherichia
coli
Al-Taweel et al.
(2007)
Catalase (CAT)
Tobacco
More tolerant to
methyl viologen
mediated oxidative
stress
The first enzyme in
the enzymatic
antioxidative pathway
Superoxide
dismutase (SOD)
Avicennia
marina
Prashanth et al.
(2008)
Rice
The first enzyme in
the enzymatic
antioxidative pathway
Increased resistance
to oxidative
damage
Superoxide dismutase
(SOD)
Chatzidimitriadou
et al. (2009)
Tobacco
Pepper
Higher seed
germination rate
and elevated stress
tolerance during
post-germination
Ascorbate peroxidase
(APX)
Primary H
2
O
2
scavenging enzyme
Tomato
Tobacco
Sun et al. (2010)
Involved in the
reduction of most
active oxygen radicals
generated due to stress
Higher photosynthesis
rate and the fresh
weight
Suaeda salsa glutathione
S_transferase gene (GST)
Suaeda salsa
A. thaliana
Qi et al. (2010)
