Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
efficient measure (Bose et al., 2013). For instance the H
+
-ATPase in plasma membrane is able
to influence the transport of the essential ions by keeping the indispensable electrochemical
gradient (ΔμH) (Palmgren and Nissen, 2011). The noxious ions can be discharged from the
cells or be compartmentalized into the organelles by the ion transporters supported by the H
+
-
ATPase. Now, the plasma membrane Na
+
/H
+
exchangers (SOS1) and the tonoplast ones
(NHXs) are the most important objects and the transgenic engineering focusing on them have
acquired tremendous achievements. Particularly, it is noted that the signal transduction in the
regulation of ion concentration and homeostasis has also qualified its irreplaceable positions,
the most well-known of them is the discovery of the SOS signal transduction.
As above mentioned, salinity is the key factor which limits the growth and production of
the plants. On the one hand salinity is an ever-present stress to the plants especially to the
crop yields, and on the other hand the salinization is becoming increasing serious as a result
of human activities (Allakhverdiev et al., 2000; Mahajan and Tuteja, 2005).
Thus developing crops with more tolerance to the salt stress is imperative and helpful.
The breeders throughout the world is striving to screen some cultivated crops or its wild
relatives to acquire the salt tolerance species (Maliro et al., 2008). Owning to the high oil and
protein in its seeds, soybean is an important economic dicot crop (Amirjani, 2010; Gao et al.,
2011Ma et al., 2012). And above all, the demand for soybean, particularly our country, is
increasing continuously (Phang et al., 2008). However, as a salt-sensitive species, the growth
and development of soybean is severely affected by salt stress (Fan et al., 2012; Lauchli,
1984). Exploiting resistant varieties and improving salt tolerance of soybean, therefore,
become the pursue of many researchers (Chen et al., 2011).
Almost all the crops are sensitive to salinity, and soybean is no exception (Flowers,
2004). Soybean germplasms show up multilevel salt tolerance capability and the different
extents of the damage among the different genotypes also indicate the genetic variability in
salt resistant (Lee et al., 2009).
The wild soybean,
Glycine soja
is regarded as the progenitor of the cultivated soybean,
Glycine max
. Although the domestication of soybean has endowed the cultivated soybean
many advantages in morphological and physiological traits (Wang and Li, 2012), but studies
have revealed that the wild soybean had more genetic diversity especially in stress resistance.
Exploring excellent genes from wild species offered an effective and fast way to facilitate the
agricultural development (Upadhyaya et al., 2013). Many studies have also demonstrated that
the related wild relatives of crops have the necessary traits to improve the cultivated species
(Mallikarjuna et al., 2011). In addition, several agricultural traits of wild soybean have
already been introduced into cultivated soybean (Concibido et al., 2003; Wang K, 2011). So
the wild soybean may act as a source for enhancing the tolerance of the cultivated ones to
boost the output under salt stress (Tuyen et al., 2010).
In this study, two genotypes of soybean
Glycine max
L. (ZH13) and
Glycine soja
L.
(BB52) were used to discuss the different responses to osmotic stress and ionic stress
entrusted by salts. They share the same gene pool and researches have suggested that they can
be hybridized with fertile offspring (Wang and Li, 2013). Thus we expected that more and
better properties, which can be applied to improve the germplasm resource, would be
unearthed through the comparison between
Glycine max
L. and
Glycine soja
L. Ultimately,
we found that the
Glycine soja
L. is indeed superior to
Glycine max
L. in salt tolerance.
