Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
pole barrier fencing installed) or even a service (e.g., surveys of warbler populations). After each
phase of work is completed, the deliverables generated are used in the following work phase. For
example, the project scope statement produced in concert with the project sponsors and other
stakeholders during the planning phase forms the basis of design development work in the design
phase. Another example is when project plans completed in the design phase go to a team for
installation or execution during the implementation phase. Completion of the implementation
phase leads to the aftercare phase. Products of the aftercare phase continue on beyond the project
closeout. Lessons learned from this total experience of the project can be brought forward to your
next project, thus connecting the life cycle back to planning, only for a different project. This
model of a project can help explain the journey of a project to your stakeholders.
Each phase of a project has a distinct beginning and ending. It is the responsibility of the proj-
ect manager to ensure that each phase of the project is completed as planned, with the expected
deliverables.
The project management aspects of conducting a project include the following tasks: defining
the project through goals and objectives in the planning phase; deciding on the strategy and details
of the project, from quantities of items to protocols for management practices, in the design phase;
acquiring all needed supplies, equipment, and biological material and performing the plans in
the implementation phase; and last, meeting all objectives, totaling costs, and finalizing what got
done, which completes the aftercare phase and so completes the project.
The Elements of Project Management
Project management entails three primary elements: people, processes, and tools. Project manag-
ers interact with these three elements to ensure successful project delivery. The people associated
with the project are usually organized into project teams and are the ones who perform the work.
The project manager leads the team, working with technical experts and laypersons alike in for-
mulating and executing the project while soliciting and communicating with other stakeholders.
People: Project Manager
The role of the project manager is to anticipate and respond to issues before they become prob-
lems. The project manager must also respond effectively to internal and external stakeholders.
Communication among the team and stakeholders is a critical responsibility. The project manager
coordinates all of the various project activities to ensure they are completed as planned. He or she
also ensures that all members of the team are trained to perform their tasks.
People: Project Stakeholders
A project stakeholder is anyone who has a vested interest in the project and its outcomes. Stake-
holders on most restoration projects are grouped into one of three categories: external, internal,
and other (PMBOK 2008).
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