Construction and Installation - Project Planning and Management for Ecological Restoration - page 163

There are numerous causes of plant loss when developing a restoration project, many of which
result from the typical physical characteristics of a new site. Generally, new sites are open, with
widely spaced plantings that are low in density and diversity, and the plants are small and tender,
with roots just starting to become established in the native soil. Placing a container plant into the
ground at a size larger than a new seedling bypasses many of the natural processes that cause plant
mortality.
When planting in an urban area with a high probability of human traffic, the plants will need
protection from trampling. Generally, simple screen devices are sufficient to notify the visitors of
new plants that have not grown to a height or stature that makes them readily visible (fig. 10-7).
These screens can be enclosed so that they protect the plant from grasshopper and other insect
swarms. Although this requires more frequent monitoring, it can save plants that would otherwise
be eaten. Plants may be placed in situations that require support until root systems are sufficient to
take on one of the important roles of soil stabilization. Planting on steep slopes (figs. 10-8, 10-9, and
10-10) or in windswept locations requires some additional physical assistance until the plant is able
to add roots in response to the harsh elements. However, in general, the staking of trees (typically
two stakes, one on each side of the tree) is discouraged because the tree trunks may fail to develop
sufficient strength to withstand winds or other threats after the staking has been removed.
FIGURE 10-7. A screen may be needed where insect and small mammal damage is expected. This requires
monitoring to prevent damage to plants as they grow. If neglected, the plants can be damaged as they grow
through the screen. (Photo by John Rieger.)