Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7-1. Design Features Planning Analysis and Obligations for Supplemental Water Systems
Topic System/Technique
Requirements to Use
How Determined
Planning Obligation
Operations Required
Existing Water:
Groundwater
Present and reachable by
plant root systems. Soil not
compacted. Depth is fairly
consistent or has predict-
able changes from natural
or regulated human use in
watershed.
Dig wells; drill holes for water
depth measuring devices or
observations. Other sources
from adjacent landowners,
existing wells, and agricultural
agencies.
Run wells or data collection in
preliminary stages of design.
None required.
Existing Water:
Watercourse
Constant or predictable
low.
Collect low data from gauging
stations and water departments.
Use collection data from existing
sources or generate own data set.
Ensure delivery of wa-
ter in system by others,
if required.
Existing Water:
Lake
More or less constant
elevation.
Lake owner elevation data,
physical evidence of vegeta-
tion denudation in backwater,
presence of mudlats.
Conirmation of lake status and
potential uses of lake water that
may affect elevation.
None required.
Existing Water:
Seasonal Rainfall
Predictable seasonal rain-
fall within normal intensity
anticipated.
Weather data from nearby.
If data unavailable, establish
rainfall monitoring station.
Plant during appro-
priate time in rainfall
cycle.
Supplemental Water:
Canals/Piping
Water elevation suficient
for gravity low.
Topographic maps for general
data; for short distances, use a
surveyor's level.
Determine source of water;
purchase or secure rights.
Maintain and monitor
canal and water control
devices.
Supplemental Water:
Cistern Systems
Suficient distribution sys-
tems from cistern. Eleva-
tion for gravity feed.
Same as above; also determines
delivery system within site.
Small ditches, piping, or gener-
al lood irrigation systems.
Similar to above; in addition,
plan on a water delivery system
to cistern. Catchment structure
for rainfall or water truck, hand
bucket brigade.
Control low from
cistern. Maintain pipe
or ditches from cistern.
Supplemental Water:
Pressurized System Piping/
drip/bubbler
Access to established water
system.
Pipeline or water tower nearby
for access. No surface water
available. Rainfall generally
unpredictable.
Generally requires an agreement
from a water utility company. If
lood irrigating, energy-dissipat-
ing devices may be required.
Monitor and maintain
system. Devices require
cleaning regularly.
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