Civil Engineering Reference
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Figure 19.5
Vertical plate loading test in the exploration adit (Grüter & Liening 1976)
The walls of the construction pit for the Station Schwabstraße that was constructed by
the cut and cover method were supported by a braced wall of overlapping bored piles.
The earth pressures and wall displacements during excavation of the construction pit
were monitored and then back analyzed by means of FE analyses (Wittke & Rißler
1976). Assuming no cohesion, a friction angle of 30° was derived for the leached Gyp-
sum Keuper that complies reasonably with the results of the direct shear tests carried
out parallel to the bedding (Fig. 19.7). Thus, the aforementioned assumption has been
more or less confirmed by back analyses.
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