Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
A sealing installed between the shotcrete membrane and the internal lining can be simu-
lated with short truss elements that are radially oriented between the shotcrete mem-
brane and the internal lining. Thus, the sealing is able to transfer normal compressive
stresses but no tensile or shear stresses. Should tensile forces occur, the corresponding
truss elements are set to be inactive.
Figure 10.25 shows an example for the discretization of the shotcrete membrane and
the internal lining of a tunnel with a sealing in between.
Figure 10.26 shows the evaluation of the stress resultants in an internal lining from the
calculated stresses. The normal thrust N and the bending moment M can be determined
by integrating the normal stress
perpendicular to the section considered along the
lining's thickness. The shear force S results from the corresponding integration of the
shear stress
σ
τ
.
Figure 10.26
Evaluation of stress resultants
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