Civil Engineering Reference
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Figure 6.12
Hydraulic degree of separation
Relating the seepage fl ow to a global coordinate system (x,y,z) a transformation of
(6.32) is required. If a coordinate system is selected in which the z axis is directed verti-
cally opposite to gravity and the y axis northwards (cf. Fig. 3.4) then (6.32) takes on the
following form after transformation (Wittke 1990):
(6.33)
with
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