Civil Engineering Reference
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Figure 4.18
Case 4, principal normal stresses and plastic zone, supporting pressure of p
r
= 0.6 MPa
immediately after excavation
A supporting pressure of p
r
= 0.6 MPa could be carried by a 30 cm thick shotcrete
membrane. However, the radial viscoplastic displacements calculated for case 4 at the
tunnel's contour ranging from 10.6 cm to 27.2 cm (Fig. 4.19, lower right) could not be
carried by a stiff shotcrete membrane without destruction. If a shotcrete of strength
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