Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
cell-expressing markers of pluripotency were probably derived from mesenchymal stem cells
(MSCs), or were more MSC-like. In these studies it was also confirmed that MSCs express-
ing some markers of pluripotent stem cells could be isolated from adult human testicular
tissue. Moreover, it has also been proposed that hmGSCs may be low-differentiated testic-
ular fibroblasts [61]. In contrast Lim
et al
. provided evidence that haGSCs are pluripotent
cells with a germ cell origin [7].
Although the reprogramming mechanism and generation of ES-like cells from SSCs are
not completely understood, it seems that age of the animals from which mouse SSCs are
derived, the mouse strain, culture conditions including growth factors, cell density of SSCs
during culture, critical time-period after initiation of culture, duration of culture, and
population of testis cells affect reprogramming [9-11].
Nanoparticles have been used successfully for the isolation and separation of blood pro-
genitor cells from clinical leukapheresis [63], but we have not encountered a current applica-
tion of nanoparticles for cell sorting in the heterogeneous population of cells in organs, such
as in the testis. These findings demonstrate that in the future, nanoparticles could be used as
a better tool for sorting of different cell populations and origin of PSCs in testis.
Nanoparticle structures hold promise for many future applications and investigations in
combination with PSCs and medicine. At present, little information is available concerning
the activation or inactivation of specific cell-surface molecules and receptors, different cell-
signaling pathways, as well as up- or downregulation of the network of genes following
pluripotent cell attachment to nanomaterials.
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