Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(A)
(B)
5
μ
m
x3,000
5
μ
m
(C)
5
μ
m
Figure 15.3
hPSC elongates along the axis of the 2-mm gratings. (A) The 2-mm gratings. (B) Elongated
morphology is observed on 2-mm gratings. (C) Filopodia of hPSC on 2-mm gratings extend along
the axis [85].
In terms of stem-cell engineering prospects, nanofibers support stem-cell expansion and
neural differentiation, meanwhile they direct alignment of neural cells and enhance neurite
outgrowth along aligned fibers [88]. The majority of nerve-tissue engineering studies have
focused on investigating neural proliferation and differentiation, and neurite outgrowth of
numerous cell types on aligned fibrillar substrates of various materials and sizes [89]. It
has been proven in many investigations that compared to tissue culture polystyrene
(TCPS), nanofiber topography provides more three-dimensional topographical cues that
mimic the neural niche and induces morphological and functional changes for various cell
types, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). For example, PCL aligned nanofibers
significantly upregulate MSC expression of neural markers (Tuj-1, MAP2, GalC and
RIP) compared to two-dimensional substrates and induce MSCs to elongate along the
axes of aligned fibers.
Alongside the alignment of nanofibers, improving the hydrophilicity and mechanical prop-
erties of these constructs through blending with natural polymers enhances the proliferation,
adhesion and orientation of Schwann cells (SCs) around the aligned fibers [90]. Aligned PCL
