Expansion of Stem Cells by Nanotissue Engineering - Stem-Cell Nanoengineering - page 242

Table 14.2 Nanocomposites and surface modified nanostructures for stem-cell expansion

Category Nanomaterial Stem Cell Significance/Result (s) Reference(s)

Nano-composites HAp nanorods/

PVP nanofiber
composite

MSC Nano-rods in nanofibers

Cells were attached

[70]

PCL/PLLA/nHAp
nanofibers
composite

SSC Nanoparticles in nanofibers

Not cytotoxic

[71]

PHBV/nHAp
nanofiber
composite

MSC Nanoparticles in nanofibers

Proliferation lower than PHBV
nanofibers

[72]

PLGA/Collagen/
nHAp nanofiber
composite

MSC Nanoparticles in nanofibers

Good adhesion and spreading

[73]

PCL/nHAp/TCP
nanofiber
composite

MSC Nanoparticles in nanofibers

Cell proliferation is inversely
proportional to nanofiber roughness

[74]

PEG/silica
nanoparticles

MSC Nanoparticles in gel

Cells are alive and good proliferation

[76]

Multiwalled
carbon nanotubes
in PLLA

MSC Nanotube in nanofiber

Cells are alive, attached and
proliferation is higher
Makes conductive fibers

[75]

PGA nanofiber
sheet/collagen

CSC Nanosheet in sponge

Enhanced cell attachment and
proliferation

[77]

Surface-modified
nano-structures

Titanium oxide
nanotube

MSC Nanotubes on surface

Promote cell adhesion and proliferation
without differentiation

[88]

(PS-b-P2VP)/
(PS-b-P4VP)
nanopatterned
surface

MSC Nanopatterned surface

Effect of nanotopography

[78]

Nanolayer of
PNIPAAm

_ Nanoscale layer on surface

Optimum cell adhesion and
detachment depends on thickness of
layer

[90]

HAp, Hydroxyapatite; PVP, poly (vinyl pyrolidone); MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; PCL, poly( ε -caprolactone);
PLLA, poly( l -lactic acid); nHAp, nano-hydroxyapatite; SSC, somatic stem cell; PHBV, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-
co-3-hydroxyvalerate); PLGApoly( d , l -lactide-co-glycolide); TCP, β -tricalcium phosphate; PEG, poly(ethylene
glycol); PGA, poly(glycolic acid); CSC, carcinoma stem cell; PS-b-P2VP)/(PS-b-P4VP), poly(styrene)-block-
poly(2-vinylpyrindine) diblock copolymer/poly(styrene)-block-poly(4-vinylpyrindine) diblock copolymer;
PNIPAAm, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide).

nanorods, nanotubes, and microfibers to form nanocomposites. Examples of these materials
are described here and have been summarized in Table 14.2. The nanocomposites in the
biological tissues provide a guideline for fabricating the nanocomposite matrices for tissue
engineering. For example, bone tissue is composed of rigid hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocrys-
tals (tens of nanometers in length and width, 2-3 nm in depth) precipitated into collagen
fibers (50-70 nm in diameter). The HAp crystals are one of the main constituents of bone
tissues, and they provide compressive strength. To manufacture nanocomposites including
HAp and nanofibers, Chen et al . prepared HAp nanorods with an average diameter of ~7 nm