Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Year
Event
Reference
1860-1920
Existence of stem cells inferred from the analysis of
embryonic development and microscopy of bone
marrow
http://www.stemcellnetwork.ca/index.
php?page=stem-cell-timeline&hl=eng
1948-1958
Stem cell mechanisms deduced for sperm
development and intestinal epithelium replacement
http://www.stemcellnetwork.ca/index.
php?page=stem-cell-timeline&hl=eng
1956
First bone marrow transplants performed in human
patients
[1]
1961
The existence and properties of transplantable stem
cells in mouse bone marrow are established and the
first colony methodology for counting these cells is
introduced. This discovery paves the way for all
current research on adult and embryonic stem cells
[49]
1968
Achievement of first allogeneic human bone marrow
transplantations without lethal rejection reactions
[119]
1974
Embryonic cancer cells of mice and telomerase are
shown to participate in the development of normal
tissue
[120]
1978
Transplantable stem cells are discovered in human
umbilical cord blood
http://www.stemcellnetwork.ca/index.
php?page=stem-cell-timeline&hl=eng
1981
First embryonic stem cells derived from the inner cell
mass of mouse blastocysts
[121]
1982-1986
First methodology for targeted genetic modification in
embryonic stem cells developed
http://www.stemcellnetwork.ca/index.
php?page=stem-cell-timeline&hl=eng
1992
Neural stem cells identified in the adult human brain
[122]
1994
First isolation of cancer stem cells from cancer cells
[53]
1995
First isolation of embryonic stem cell lines from primates
[123]
1998
First human embryonic stem cell line derived
[99]
2000
Retinal stem cells identified in mice
[124]
2001
Dermal stem cells identified in adult skin tissue
[125]
2003
Cancer stem cells identified in human brain tumor
Rare human breast cancer stem cells identified
[126, 127]
2005
First evidence for human bone cancer stem cells
2006
First induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated
by reprogramming adult mouse skin cells.
[128]
2007
Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies
win the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine
because of their discoveries enabling modifications
of the germline gene in mice
Human colon cancer stem cells identified
http://www.stemcellnetwork.ca/index.
php?page=stem-cell-timeline&hl=eng
2008
Sam Weiss is awarded the Gairdner Prize for the
discovery of neural stem cells
http://www.stemcellnetwork.ca/index.
php?page=stem-cell-timeline&hl=eng
2009
John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka win the Lasker
Prize for their discoveries in the field of nuclear
reprogramming. Yamanaka is also awarded the
Gairdner Prize
http://www.stemcellnetwork.ca/index.
php?page=stem-cell-timeline&hl=eng
2010
IPS cells created by transfection of m-RNA
Adult cells reprogrammed directly to blood cells,
cardiac muscle and neurons
[129, 130]
2011
Identification of multipotent human blood stem cells
capable of generating all types of cells in the blood
system
[131]
2012
John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka win the Nobel Prize
for Physiology or Medicine for their finding that mature
cells can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state
http://www.stemcellnetwork.ca/index.
php?page=stem-cell-timeline&hl=eng
