Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
table 24.3
(
Continued
)
No.
Organic pollutants
Catalyst
Optimum reaction conditions
important findings
references
11.
Acid red B (ArB)
er
3+
:yAlO
3
/TiO
2
-ZnO
nanocomposite
ArB 10 mg/l, 1.0 g/l sonocatalyst,
150 min, pH 5.5, 40 kHz, 50 W, 25°C
The sonocatalyst with 1:1 Ti/Zn molar ratio heat-treated at
550°C for 60 min showed the highest sonocatalytic
activity
[112e]
reactions follow the pseudo-first-order kinetics
12.
methyl orange (mO)
invO
4
/TiO
2
nanojunction
composites
28 kHz, invO
4
/TiO
2
0.03 g,
mO ≈ 1.0 × 10 − 5 m
(1:50) invO
4
/TiO
2
nanojunction composite has exhibited
the highest sonocatalytic activity
[112f]
13.
methylene blue (mB)
Fe-fullerene/TiO
2
nanocomposite
20 kHz, mB 1 × 10
−5
mol/l, Fe-fullerene/
TiO
2
0.05 g
With the increase in the amount of Fe, the degradation rate
of methylene blue solution increased
[112g]
14.
rhodamine B (rhB)
CdS/CNT-TiO
2
nanocomposite
20 kHz, catalysts 0.01 g, rhB 1.0 × 10
−5
m
under ultrasonic irradiation, rhB was efficiently degraded
by the CdS/CNT-TiO
2
composites
[112h]
Compared with the pristine mWCNTs, the surface areas
of CNT-TiO
2
and CdS/CNT-TiO
2
were greatly
decreased
15.
Acid red B (ArB)
CeO
2
/TiO
2
10 mg/l catalyst, 1000 mg/l Acid red B,
pH = 7.0, 25°C, 80 min, 40 kHz, 50 W
Sonocatalytic degradation decreases in order: CeO
2
/
TiO
2
> SnO
2
/TiO
2
> TiO
2
> ZrO
2
/
TiO
2
> SnO
2
> CeO
2
> ZrO
2
[112i]
SnO
2
/TiO
2
ZrO
2
/TiO
2
composites
Pseudo-first-order kinetics reactions
16.
rhodamine B (rhB)
graphene-TiO
2
composites (TiO
2
nanoparticles on the
graphene nanosheets)
rhB 2.00 × 10
−5
mol/l, catalyst
0.02 g/100 ml, 20 kHz, 750 W
The graphene-TiO
2
composites possessed a high specific
surface area, which increased the decolorization rate for
rhB solution
[106]
First-order reaction kinetics
17.
Acid red B (ArB)
uS/ZnO/Ca(ClO)
2
Oxidant 10.0 mmol/l, 40°C pH 7.0, ArB
10 mg/l, catalyst 1.0 g/l, 30 min, 40 kHz,
50 W
Oxidants can assist the sonocatalytic degradation and the
effect of oxidants changes to the order
KClO
4
> KClO
3
> Ca(ClO)
2
uS/ZnO/KClO
3
uS/ZnO/KClO
4
Pseudo-first-order kinetics reactions
18.
(rhB, mB, Congo red,
Bromothymol Blue,
Alizarin)
H
3
PW
12
O
40
/ZrO
2
30 ppm rB, 20 mg catalyst, pH 1.27,
oxygen flow rate 5 ml/min 20 kHz,
20-80 W/cm
2
, 30 min
The H
3
PW
12
O
40
/ZrO
2
nanocomposite showed higher
activity than pure polyoxometalate or pure ZrO
2
[112j]
The reaction rate constants of sonocatalytic degradation of
dyes are higher than that of photocatalytic degradation
19.
diclofenac (dCF)
Nanoparticles of zero-
valent iron (Zvi)
dCF 30 μm, pH 3.0, Zvi = 0.2 g/l
861 kHz
Sonolysis with Zvi nanoparticles improves the efficiency
of sonochemical degradation of dCF
[110]
High frequency was more effective than power ultrasound
(20 kHz), and the efficiency was maximum at 861 kHz
