Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
taBle 20.1
list of biological entities employed for metal nanoparticle synthesis
Microorganism
Metals
References
Bacteria
Bacillus subtilis
Au
[28]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Au
[41]
Ralstonia metallidurans
Au
[51]
Shewanella algae
Au
[42]
Shewanella oneidensis
Au
[44]
Morganella morganii
Subgroups
(A, B, c, D, e, F, G1, G2)
Ag
[83]
Morganella psychrotolerans
Ag
[80]
Pseudomonas stutzeri
AG259
Ag, Ag
2
S
[79]
Morganella morganii RP42
Ag, cu
[84, 85]
Shewanella algae
Pt
[43]
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
Pd
[88, 89]
Desulfovibrio
Oz7
Pd
[88]
Shewanella oneidensis
Pd
[90]
Bacillus selenitireducens
Te, Se
[93, 94]
Selenihalanaerobacter shriftii
Se
[93]
Sulfurospirillum barnesii
Te, Se
[93, 94]
Lactobacilli
strains
Au, Ag, Au-Ag
[62]
Cyanobacteria
Plectonema boryanum
UTeX 485
Au, Ag, Pt, Pd
[47-50]
Actinomycetes
Actinobacter
sp.
Au
[55]
Rhodococcus
sp.
Au
[54]
Thermomonospora
sp.
Au
[53]
Fungi
Colletotrichum
sp.
Au
[58]
Fusarium oxysporum
Au, Ag, Au-Ag
[59-61]
Verticillium
sp.
Au, Ag
[56, 57]
Plant Extracts
Azadirachta indica
Au, Ag, Au-Ag
[66]
Cymbopogon flexuosus
Au
[65]
Cuminum cyminum
Au
[70]
Cinnamomum verum
Au
[73]
Darjeeling Tea
Au
[71]
Glycine max
Au
[69]
Pelargonium graveolens
Au
[58, 64]
Iris pseudocorus
cu
[66]
of different size and shape. The reduction of gold thiolate and gold chloride complexes resulted in 10-25 nm diameter gold
nanoparticles that were found deposited on the outer surface of the cell membrane, while particles smaller than 10 nm were also
formed intracellularly [47]. The prolonged incubation of gold ions resulted in the formation of thin triangular and hexagonal
sheets with edge lengths ranging up to several microns in length. It was postulated that gold nanoparticles were synthesized and
deposited within the membrane vesicles, which resulted from the interaction of gold ions with phosphorous-, sulfur-, and
nitrogen ligand-rich vesicle components. Similarly, the same algal biomass reduced Ag (I) ions at 25°c to form 1-15 nm Ag
nanoparticles intracellularly as well as extracellularly in the solution. In addition to performing experiments at 25°c, when
these experiments were performed at elevated temperatures, the particles were observed to increase in size with 1-40 nm diameter
