Environmental Engineering Reference
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(a)
(b)
10 4
PP/5.0P-g-MA
10 5
5.0 wt% Co
10.0 wt% Co
15.0 wt% Co
20.0 wt% Co
10 4
10 3
10 3
PP/5.0P-g-MA
5.0 wt% Co
10.0 wt% Co
15.0 wt% Co
20.0 wt% Co
10 2
10 1
10 2
10 -1
10 0
10 1
10 2
10 -1
10 0
10 1
10 2
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
(c)
(d)
10 5
PP/5.0P-g-MA
5.0 wt% Co
10.0 wt% Co
15.0 wt% Co
20.0 wt% Co
10 1
10 4
PP/5.0P-g-MA
5.0 wt% Co
10.0 wt% Co
15.0 wt% Co
20.0 wt% Co
10 0
10 3
10 2
10 -1
10 0
10 1
10 2
10 -1
10 0
10 1
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
figure 4.8 Melt rheological properties of PP-based nanocomposites: (a) complex viscosity, (b) storage modulus, (c) loss modulus, and
(d) damping property of PP and its nanocomposites with different particle loadings. Adapted with permission from Ref. [29]. © ACS.
can cause cancers of the bladder, lungs, skin, kidney, liver, and prostate [35]. Many countries have set strict regulations to limit
arsenic level in drinking water, which adds to the technical challenges as well as places financial burden on water facilities to
reach the 10 ppb requirements set by the u.S. ePA. Thus there is urgent need for efficient and economic methods to remove
heavy metal species and arsenic.
In the following sections, we will discuss in more detail our research on chromium removal, arsenic remediation, and sus-
tainable treatment of plastic solid wastes. both polymer- and carbon-based multifunctional nanocomposites have been explored
for application in environmental remediation especially for heavy metal removal, targeting trace-level metal concentration as
well as fast kinetics and comprehensive utilization of composite materials.
4.4.1
solid Wastes treatment—comprehensive and sustainable recycling
Solid wastes treatment has become a challenge with the advancement of industrialization and the expanded use of plastics.
There are generally three strategies to deal with solid wastes: incineration, landfilling, and recycling. Incineration may generate
toxic gases causing secondary pollution, and landfilling is also not practical in the long term considering the limited land
resources and possible leaching of hazardous substances from landfill sites. Therefore, comprehensive recycling has become
the most favorable method for the treatment of solid wastes. Here we take PS/Ni@NiO PNCs recycling as an example [36]
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