Colour Plate - Meteorological and Air Quality Models for Urban Areas - page 157

(b)

(a)

Plate 7 Examples of CFD application to realistic urban geometries. (a) Contour map of instanta-
neous surface wind in Sinjuku (from Kanda, 2006c), and (b) contour map of instantaneous surface
temperature field and surface wind vector at a coastal area in Tokyo (from Ashie et al., 2005). The
area is 500 m × 500 m for (a) and (b) (See also Figure 5.1 on page 41)

Net radiation Rn Net radiation Rn

Anthropogenic heat
Qanth

Sensible heat
Hsens

Latent heat LE
(evapotranspiration)

Stored heat Gs
(conduction)

(roof) (roof)

(vega) (vega) (vegn) (vegn)

(water) (water)

(pav) (pav)

(bare) (bare) (cova) (cova) (nat) (nat)

Surface layer Surface layer Surface layer Surface layer

Heat transfers Heat transfers

Couchede surf. Couchede surf.

Second soil layer Second soil layer LEpav

Hsens pav Hsens pav

Qwall
Ts
Twall

Qwall

Precipitations P

Ts
Twall

Tint Tint

Ts pav Ts pav

Evapotranspiration
Etr

Condensation
P'

Evaporation
Ev

Gs pav Gs pav

(roof) (roof) (vega) (vega)

(vegn) (vegn)

Run off Run off

(bare) (bare) (water) (water)

(pav) (pav)

(cova) (cova) (nat) (nat)

Surface layer Surface layer Surface layer Surface layer

Semi-impervious Semi-impervious

Infiltration Infiltration

Water transfers Water transfers

Root zone layer Root zone layer

Couchede surf. Couchede surf.

Drainage Drainage

Diffusion Diffusion

Deep soil layer Deep soil layer

Plate 8 Schematic representation of SM2U: the upper box shows the processes modelled in the
energy budget part, with a zoom on the in-street radiation and heat storage processes due to building
walls; the lower box shows the modelled water transfer processes. The black brackets indicate the
different possible tiles within one grid mesh. Precipitation is a model input while the net radiation
is computed by the model from the incoming global and atmospheric radiation inputs (See also
Figure 6.1 on page 48)