Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 11.7
Vegetation related parameters (Y - yes included; N - no)
Model
LAI
CV
g
w
Ve g
z
CV
α
τ
C
V
CV
cv
BEP02
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
BEP05
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
Y
CAT
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
CL U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
ENVImet
LAD
N
Y, 2t
N
N
N
N
GCT TC
N
N
Y
Y
Y, C 1
Y, C 1
N
HIRLA -U
LAD
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
LU PS
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
MM5u
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
OSES1T
Y
N
Y, 5t
Y
N
N
N
OSES2T
Y
N
Y, 5t
Y
N
N
N
OUSES
Y
N
Y, 5t
Y
N
N
N
UCM N
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
UKLI O
y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
NSLUCM Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
S 2U
Y
N
Y, 11t
Y
Y
N
Y
SUEB
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
SUM N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
SUNBEEM
N
Y
N
N
Y,C2
N
Y
TEB
Y
N
Y, 3t
N
Y
N
N
TEB07
Y
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
TUF2D, TUF3D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
UCLM N
N
N
N
N
N
N
VUCM Y
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
LAI
CV
- LAI of canyon vegetation; LAD leaf area density g
w
- Water vapor conductance of
plant canopy; Veg - Vegetation species (2t [C3/C4 vegetation],3t,5t,11t number of types); z
CV
-
Canyon vegetation height;
α
cv
-Albedo of canopy leaves;
τ
cv
- Canopy solar transmissivity;
C
V
- Heat capacity of vegetation.
C1 requires vegetation coverage (net of sunny spots), as a percentage of the total ground area
C2 also canopy emissivity.
is that for some models a long initialization period (spin-up) time is needed to ensure
that the temperature profiles are stable and representative of conditions.
11.2.4 Methods of Calculation
Here the methods used by the different urban schemes to calculate the various fluxes
are considered. Complete information is provided in the original papers. The analy-
sis here is cursory; as the project proceeds, a more complete analysis will be under-
taken.
In the model simulations, the incoming radiative fluxes will be prescribed, so
the critical issue is how the outgoing radiative fluxes are determined. The major
differences relate to the number of reflections the models assume and the degree of
detail in assigning the surface characteristic parameters (Table 11.9). The simplest
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