Environmental Engineering Reference
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of their effect across scenarios, case study areas and heat wave days. The study showed
that vegetation cools surfaces more effectively than increases in albedo, and that the
most effective mitigation strategy per unit area redeveloped is kerbside planting.
However, it was found that for New York City the greatest absolute temperature
reductions are possible with the application of light surfaces; 64% of New York City's
surface area could be redeveloped from dark, impervious surfaces to lighter high-
albedo surfaces, along with the combined application of light roofs and urban forestry
(Rosenzweig et al., 2006).
19.3 EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF OUTDOOR SPACES
As mentioned in the previous sections, the environmental quality of urban open space
has become a fundamental subject for town planners, architects and climatologists.
Recent research trends show the creation of a link between the complicated results of
urban climatology on the one hand and town planners' more design-oriented outcomes
on the other.
By carefully studying the state of the art in the specific sector, the assessment
of the microclimate in outdoor spaces, as well as the implementation of various
measures for the improvement of outdoor comfort, follows the steps indicated in
Figure 19.3.1. Following the procedure depicted in Figure 19.3.1, the various case
studies are analysed.
Therefore, the various experimental tests found in the bibliography can be
classified into three categories, namely:
1
Assessment of outdoor comfort conditions in various regions and climates;
2
Proposal for improvement of outdoor comfort conditions using bioclimatic
approaches and pre-implementation assessment;
3
Implementation
of
a
series
of
outdoor
comfort
improvements
and
post-
implementation assessment.
Sub-categorization may include climatic conditions, technologies applied, etc.
19.3.1 Assessment of outdoor comfort conditions
The assessment of outdoor comfort conditions through a series of measurements and
questionnaires has been carried out by various researchers. The methodology followed
Figure 19.3.1
The outdoor spaces improvement procedure.
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