Building integrated concentrating solar systems - Solar Energy Sciences and Engineering Applications - page 565

Figure 17.2.7 Two-axis Bifres Fresnel reflector (Rosell et al., 2005). The PV receiver is water cooled,
getting benefit of the thermal energy (PVT module). (Picture source: Chemisana, 2011).

on the building structure and presents an unaesthetic appearance. The main expo-
nent of this technology is the CCStaR system (equipped with a thermal receiver)
developed at the University of the Balearic Islands. It should be mentioned that in
the most recently presented CCStaR prototypes the Fresnel reflectors are replaced
by parabolic reflectors (Pujol et al., 2006).

3 Concentrators in which the tracking is achieved by the movement of the individual

mirrors. The possibilities for integrating such systems are similar to those for the
previous case of a stationary concentrator. The most important design within this
group is the Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) presented in 1997 by Mills
and Morrison (Mills and Morrison, 1997) and commercialized by Ausra. The
CLFR system is used for direct steam generation. Similar systems to the CLFR
have been developed, these being the solar collector Solarmundo presented by
(Häberle et al., 2002) and commercialized by Power Group GMBH, and the Mir-
roxx Fresnel collector commercialized by Mirroxx GMBH, a spin-off of PSE-AG
(Berger et al., 2009). Using the same concentration principle, the company Helio-
Dynamics have presented a collector, HD211, for integration in buildings with a
receiver which can be thermal or PVT (currently the HD211, renamed HD10, only
incorporates a thermal receiver) (HelioDynamics, 2004). In 2009, the University of
Lleida constructed another such system with a PVT receiver, in collaboration with
NUFRI Corporation and Trigen Solar S.L. More recently, research was conducted
at the Australian National University on a PVT receptor incorporated into the
concentrating system developed by Chromasun (Vivar et al., 2012); more details
concerning this device are described below in section 17.2.4.