Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 9.2.4
Components of a solar-based electrolyzer.
Table 9.2.4
Power consumption and efficiency of different industrial electrolyzers.
High heating value
Electricity required
Electricity required
efficiency of
Electrolyzer model
for system,
for electrolyzer only,
electrolysis system
kWh/m
3
(
H
2
)
kWh/m
3
(
H
2
)
Country
or type
(electricity-to-H
2
), %
US
(a)
Stuart: IMET 1000
4.8
4.2
73.9
Teledyne: EC-750
5.6
N/A
63.3
Proton: HOGEN 380
6.3
4.3
56.3
Norsk Hydro:
4.8
N/A
73.9
Atmospheric
Type No. 5040
(5150 Amp DC)
Avalence:
5.4
N/A
65.7
Hydrofiller 175
Europe
(b)
Membrane
8.8
N/A
40.1
Amalgam
11.3
N/A
31.4
Diaphragm
9.4
N/A
37.7
China
(b)
Membrane
8.9
N/A
39.8
(a) The electrolyte is an aqueous solution of KOH and the electrolysis system is specifically designed for hydrogen
production from water electrolysis.
(b) The electrolyte is aqueous solution of NaCl and the electrolysis system also produces Cl
2
and NaOH as
commercial products.
The external electricity can also be generated from a solar thermal plant that uses
a sunlight concentrating device to generate high temperature fluid and then use the
heat captured by the fluid to generate electricity. The concentrating devices and work-
ing fluids have been discussed in the former section regarding thermochemical cycles.
Currently, thermal oils are usually used to generate steam to drive a steam turbine
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