Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Greek
α
absorptivity of radiation,%
β
declination, deg
ε
emissivity,%
ϕ
azimuth, deg or view factor
γ
radiation weakening factor
λ
wavelength, m
η
efficiency,%
overall entropy growth, J/K
ψ
exergy/energy radiation ratio
ν
oscillation frequency, 1/s
density, kg/m
3
or reflectivity of radiation,%
ρ
σ
entropy of devaluation reaction, J/(K kmol)
10
−
8
W/(m
2
K
4
)
σ
Boltzmann constant for black radiation
σ
=
5
.
6693
×
τ
transmissivity of radiation,%
ω
solid angle, rd
Subscripts
B
exergetic
ch
chemical
E
energetic
k
convection
m
mechanical
n
standard (normal)
ph
physical
r
reflection
S
Sun
sky
sky
0
environment
REFERENCES
Budyko, M. I. (1977) Global Ecology.
Mysl'
, Moscow, 328 pp.
Carnot, S. (1824)
Reflections on the motive power of fire, and on machine fitted to develop that
power
. Bachelier, Paris.
Duffie, J. A. & Beckman, W. A. (1991)
Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes
, 2nd edn. J. Wiley
and Sons, New York.
Gueymard, C.A. (2004) The Sun's total and spectral irradiance for solar energy applications and
solar radiation models.
Solar Energy,
76, 423-453.
Jacob, M. (1957)
Heat Transfer.
Vol. II, John Wiley, New York.
Jørgensen, S.E. & Svirezhev, Y.M. (2004)
Towards a thermodynamic theory for ecological
systems.
Elsevier Amsterdam.
Kondratiew, K. Ya. (1954)
Radiation energy of the Sun
. GIMIS, (in Russian).
Petela, R. (1961a)
Exergy of heat radiation
. PhD. Thesis, Faculty of Mechanical Energy
Technology, Silesian Technical University, Gliwice (in Polish).
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