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for the transport and first metabolic step of so-called PTS sugars (
M
´
digue
et al., 2005; Wilmes et al., 2011
), making the bacterium unable to grow
on glucose.
Approximately 13% of the identified proteins in the periplasmic protein
fraction of
Ph
TAC125 are transport-related proteins, mostly belonging to
TonB-dependent transport systems (TBDTs) (
Wilmes et al., 2011
). The
high amount of TBDTs in the genome (
M´digue et al., 2005
) and in the
periplasmic proteome (
Wilmes et al., 2011
) support the idea that these trans-
porters permit efficient use and scavenge the large variety of substrates found
in the marine environment, probably representing an important prerequisite
for fast growth under nutrient-rich conditions. Besides TBDTs, three ABC
transporters, four porins and the transporter TolB are the other detected
putative substrate-transport-related proteins
(
M´digue et
al., 2005;
Wilmes et al., 2011
).
Ph
TAC125 is also able to grow in anaerobiosis, although with lower
yields (
M´digue et al., 2005
). It is worth noting that lower duplication rate
and poor growth of
Ph
TAC125 in micro-aerobiosis have been observed
(
Parrilli, Giuliani, Giordano, et al., 2010
). Due to lower O
2
solubility at
15
C than at 4
C, OD
600, max
is approximately 7.2 at 15
C, and 4.3 at
4
C, in extreme aerobiosis; moreover, OD
600, max
is approximately 1.25
at 4
C and 0.38 at 15
C, in micro-aerobiosis.
5.2. Genomic and post-genomic insights
Over the last decade, several genomes from psychrophilic bacteria and
Archaea have been sequenced (
Casanueva et al., 2010
). Some of these
(
Allen et al., 2009; Ayala-del-Rio et al., 2010; Duchaud et al., 2007;
M´digue et al., 2005; Meth´ et al., 2005; Rabus et al., 2004; Riley et al.,
2008; Rodrigues et al., 2008; Saunders et al., 2003
) have been analysed with
respect to cold adaptation through proteomic and transcriptomic approaches
(
Bakermans et al., 2007, Bergholz, Bakermans, & Tiedje, 2009; Campanaro
et al., 2011; Goodchild, Raftery, Saunders, Guilhaus, & Cavicchioli, 2005;
Goodchild et al., 2004; Kawamoto, Kurihara, Kitagawa, Kato, & Esaki,
2007; Piette et al., 2011, 2010; Qiu, Kathariou, & Lubman, 2006; Ting
et al., 2010; Williams et al., 2010; Wilmes et al., 2011; Zheng et al., 2007
).
Through the MaGe annotation platform
(
http://www.genoscope.cns.fr/
7#ancreLogin
), and by
in silico
and
in vivo
analyses, several exceptional genomic and metabolic features have
been identified in
Ph
TAC125 (
M´digue et al., 2005
).
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