Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 4.13
Correlations between log
K
min
and log
γ
i
γ
i
log
K
min
=
a
+
b
log
r
2
Compound Class
Solid
a
b
References
Chlorobenzenes, PAHs, biphenyls
α
-Al
2
O
3
−
10.68
0.70
0.94
[1]
Chlorobenzenes, PAHs biphenyls
α
-Fe
2
O
3
−
11.39
0.98
0.92
[1]
PAHs
Kaolin, glass, alumina
−
14.8
1.74
0.97
[2]
Various HOCs
Kaolinite
−
12.0
1.37
[3]
Various HOCs
Silica
−
12.5
1.37
[3]
Source:
From [1] Mader et al. (1997); [2] Backhus (1990); [3] Schwarzenbach et al. (1993).
Note: K
min
is in mL/m
2
.
10
05
Chloride
Chloroform
Bromoform
Chlorobenzene
0
0
10
20
30
Volume (10
3
m
3
)
FIGURE 4.11
Sequential breakthrough of solutes at an observation well during the Palo
Alto groundwater recharge study. (Reprinted from Roberts et al. 1982.
Water Research
16, 1025-1035; with kind permission from Elsevier Science Limited, The Boulevard,
Kidlington, UK.)
4.4 BIOTA/WATER PARTITION CONSTANT
(BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR)
There are a number of receptors for a pollutant released into the environment. Risk
assessment is the process of understanding and minimizing the effects of pollu-
tants on receptors. To illustrate this, let us consider the sediment-water environment.
Transport from contaminated sediments to the overlying water column exposes the
marine species to pollutants. The marine animals accumulate these chemicals and the
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