Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
General Suzuki Reaction
OH
Pd-L
+
R
2
X
B
R
1
R
1
OH
R
2
X=Br,I
Figure 14.2
(Top) Pd crosscoupling for the Suzuki reaction of
Fe
2
O
3
particles, compared to (bottom) the general Suzuki
reaction (not to scale) [89]. Reproduced with permission from
Ref. [91]; © 2006, American Chemical Society.
R
1
N
R
2
+
R
1
N
N
R
2
N
N
N
Figure 14.3
General reaction scheme for the 1,3 - cycloaddition
(“click chemistry”) of an azide (N
3
) and an alkyne to form a
triazole ring.
14.3.4
Monolayer Reactions
The reactions of molecular monolayers to create functional nanomaterials have an
enormous variety, yet the available chemistries for magnetic nanoparticles are
relatively limited. While the intrinsic magnetic properties of magnetic nanomateri-
als have been investigated for some time, there has been only limited interest in
their chemical functionalization. The chemistries that have been developed are
rarely generally applicable methodologies. Several have already been discussed in
previous sections (imine and amide coupling, radical polymerization, ester forma-
tion), and the reader is again referred to the Au monolayer chemistry of Murray
[3, 59b, 90], Fan [91], and Williams [92] for examples of the breadth of monolayer
reactions. In this section, we will visit these general methodologies as examples
of the chemistries that are still untested, but should ultimately be applied for
magnetic nanoparticle functionalization.
Due to its high specifi city and mild conditions, the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition
reaction of azides with alkynes shown in Figure 14.3 has been broadly applied in
